介绍
定义一系列算法,把它们一个个封装起来,并且使它们可相互替换。本模式使得算法可独立于使用它的客户而变化。
结构
策略模式的结构中包括三种角色:
策略(Strategy)
具体策略(ConcreteStrategy)
上下文(Context)
策略(Strategy)
具体策略(ConcreteStrategy)
上下文(Context)
UML图
策略模式的结构的描述与使用
策略(Strategy) : Computable.java
public interface ComputableStrategy{public abstract double computeScore(double [] a);
}
具体策略(ConcreteStrategy): StrategyOne.java
public class StrategyOne implements ComputableStrategy{public double computeScore(double [] a){
double score=0,sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){
sum=sum+a[i];
}
score=sum/a.length;
return score;
}
}
具体策略(ConcreteStrategy): StrategyTwo.java
public class StrategyTwo implements ComputableStrategy{public double computeScore(double [] a){
double score=0,multi=1;
int n=a.length;
for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){
multi=multi*a[i];
}
score=Math.pow(multi,1.0/n);
return score;
}
}
具体策略(ConcreteStrategy): StrategyThree.java
import java.util.Arrays;public class StrategyThree implements ComputableStrategy{
public double computeScore(double [] a){
if(a.length<=2)
return 0;
double score=0,sum=0;
Arrays.sort(a);
for(int i=1;i<a.length-1;i++){
sum=sum+a[i];
}
score=sum/(a.length-2);
return score;
}
}
上下文: GymnasticsGame.java
public class GymnasticsGame{
ComputableStrategy strategy;
public void setStrategy(ComputableStrategy strategy){
this.strategy=strategy;
}
public double getPersonScore(double [] a){
if(strategy!=null)
return strategy.computeScore(a);
else
return 0;
}
}
应用
public class Application{
public static void main(String args[]){
GymnasticsGame game=new GymnasticsGame();
game.setStrategy(new StrategyOne());
Person zhang=new Person();
zhang.setName("张三");
double [] a={9.12,9.25,8.87,9.99,6.99,7.88};
Person li=new Person();
li.setName("李四");
double [] b={9.15,9.26,8.97,9.89,6.97,7.89};
zhang.setScore(game.getPersonScore(a));
li.setScore(game.getPersonScore(b));
System.out.println("使用算术平均值方案:");
System.out.printf("%s最后得分:%5.3f%n",zhang.getName(),zhang.getScore());
System.out.printf("%s最后得分:%5.3f%n",li.getName(),li.getScore());
game.setStrategy(new StrategyTwo());
zhang.setScore(game.getPersonScore(a));
li.setScore(game.getPersonScore(b));
System.out.println("使用几何平均值方案:");
System.out.printf("%s最后得分:%5.3f%n",zhang.getName(),zhang.getScore());
System.out.printf("%s最后得分:%5.3f%n",li.getName(),li.getScore());
game.setStrategy(new StrategyThree());
public static void main(String args[]){
GymnasticsGame game=new GymnasticsGame();
game.setStrategy(new StrategyOne());
Person zhang=new Person();
zhang.setName("张三");
double [] a={9.12,9.25,8.87,9.99,6.99,7.88};
Person li=new Person();
li.setName("李四");
double [] b={9.15,9.26,8.97,9.89,6.97,7.89};
zhang.setScore(game.getPersonScore(a));
li.setScore(game.getPersonScore(b));
System.out.println("使用算术平均值方案:");
System.out.printf("%s最后得分:%5.3f%n",zhang.getName(),zhang.getScore());
System.out.printf("%s最后得分:%5.3f%n",li.getName(),li.getScore());
game.setStrategy(new StrategyTwo());
zhang.setScore(game.getPersonScore(a));
li.setScore(game.getPersonScore(b));
System.out.println("使用几何平均值方案:");
System.out.printf("%s最后得分:%5.3f%n",zhang.getName(),zhang.getScore());
System.out.printf("%s最后得分:%5.3f%n",li.getName(),li.getScore());
zhang.setScore(game.getPersonScore(a));
li.setScore(game.getPersonScore(b));
System.out.println("使用(去掉最高、最底)算术平均值方案:");
System.out.printf("%s最后得分:%5.3f%n",zhang.getName(),zhang.getScore());
System.out.printf("%s最后得分:%5.3f%n",li.getName(),li.getScore());
}
}
class Person{
String name;
double score;
public void setScore(double t){
score=t;
}
public void setName(String s){
name=s;
}
public double getScore(){
return score;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
}