每天一个设计模式之状态模式（State Pattern）

Simple_ R

已于 2022-08-18 09:25:43 修改

阅读量242

点赞数

分类专栏：软件设计文章标签：状态模式设计模式 java

于 2022-08-15 16:33:05 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/M_sdn/article/details/126349450

版权

软件设计专栏收录该内容

27 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

该博客介绍了如何使用状态模式来实现一个糖果机的控制逻辑。通过不同的状态类（如NoQuarterState、HasQuarterState等），实现了在不同状态下糖果机的行为变化，如投币、转动曲轴、退币和出糖等操作。代码示例展示了状态模式在实际问题中的应用，使得代码更加清晰和易于维护。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

状态模式适用于行为随状态改变而改变的场景，可以替换掉一个系统中依据内部状态而添加的条件、分支语句。

一、UML类图

在这里插入图片描述

二、状态转换图

在这里插入图片描述

对应的UML类图

在这里插入图片描述

三、代码示例

状态抽象类

public abstract class State {
    // 投币
    public abstract void insertQuarter();

    // 退币
    public abstract void ejectQuarter();

    // 转动出糖曲轴
    public abstract void turnCrank();

    // 出糖
    public abstract void dispense();

    // 退还硬币
    public void returnQuarter() {
        System.out.println("give back your quarter");
    }
}

状态具体类 - HasQuarterState

public class HasQuarterState extends State {
    CandyMachine candyMachine;

    public HasQuarterState(CandyMachine candyMachine) {
        this.candyMachine = candyMachine;
    }

    public void insertQuarter() {
        System.out.println("Do not drop quarter repeat");
        returnQuarter();
    }

    public void ejectQuarter() {
        returnQuarter();
        candyMachine.setState(candyMachine.noQuarterState);
    }

    public void turnCrank() {
        System.out.println("Turning crank, ready to pop out candy");
        candyMachine.setState(candyMachine.soldQuarterState);
    }

    public void dispense() {
        System.out.println("this operation is not supported");
    }
}

状态具体类 - NoQuarterState

public class NoQuarterState extends State {
    CandyMachine candyMachine;

    public NoQuarterState(CandyMachine candyMachine) {
        this.candyMachine = candyMachine;
    }

    public void insertQuarter() {
        System.out.println("You put a quarter in");
        candyMachine.setState(candyMachine.hasQuarterState);
    }

    public void ejectQuarter() {
        System.out.println("No quarters, cannot pop out quarter");
    }

    public void turnCrank() {
        System.out.println("Please put quarter");
    }

    public void dispense() {
        System.out.println("No quarters, cannot pop out candy");
    }
}

状态具体类 - SoldQuarterState

public class SoldQuarterState extends State {
    CandyMachine candyMachine;

    public SoldQuarterState(CandyMachine candyMachine) {
        this.candyMachine = candyMachine;
    }

    public void insertQuarter() {
        System.out.println("A quarter has already dropped in, waiting for candy");
        returnQuarter();
    }

    public void ejectQuarter() {
        System.out.println("About to pop out candy, so cannot eject quarter");
    }

    public void turnCrank() {
        System.out.println("Crank has been turned, please wait.");
    }

    public void dispense() {
        int candyCount = candyMachine.getCandyCount();
        if(candyCount > 0){
            System.out.println("pop out a candy");
            candyCount--;
            candyMachine.setCandyCount(candyCount);
            if(candyCount > 0){
                candyMachine.setState(candyMachine.noQuarterState);
                return;
            }
        }

        System.out.println("sorry, candy has been sold out");
        candyMachine.setState(candyMachine.soldOutQuarterState);
    }
}

状态具体类 - SoldOutQuarterState

public class SoldOutQuarterState extends State {
    CandyMachine candyMachine;

    public SoldOutQuarterState(CandyMachine candyMachine) {
        this.candyMachine = candyMachine;
    }

    public void insertQuarter() {
        System.out.println("candy has been sold out.");
        returnQuarter();
    }

    public void ejectQuarter() {
        System.out.println("No quarters, cannot pop out quarter");
    }

    public void turnCrank() {
        System.out.println("candy has been sold out.");
    }

    public void dispense() {
        System.out.println("candy has been sold out.");
    }
}

客户类

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CandyMachine candyMachine = new CandyMachine(10);
        candyMachine.insertQuarter();
        candyMachine.turnCrank();
        candyMachine.dispense();
    }
}

// 运行结果
You put a quarter in
Turning crank, ready to pop out candy
pop out a candy

Process finished with exit code 0

四、参考

https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/state-pattern.html
https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/state-vs-strategy.html
https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/state
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/state-design-pattern/