每天一个设计模式之命令模式（Command Pattern）

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已于 2022-08-18 09:25:09 修改

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分类专栏：软件设计文章标签：设计模式命令模式 Java

于 2022-08-16 16:09:57 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/M_sdn/article/details/126368284

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命令模式将请求以命令的形式包裹在对象中，并传给调用对象。调用对象寻找可以处理该命令的合适的对象，并把该命令传给相应的对象，该对象执行命令。

一、UML类图

在这里插入图片描述

二、代码示例

以free TW为场景。

命令接口

public interface Command {
    void execute();
}

具体命令类

1. 渡江命令

/**
 * 联合
 */
public class CrossingCommand implements Command {
    private NavyReceiver navyReceiver;
    private AirforceReceiver airforceReceiver;

    public CrossingCommand(NavyReceiver navyReceiver, AirforceReceiver airforceReceiver) {
        this.navyReceiver = navyReceiver;
        this.airforceReceiver = airforceReceiver;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute() {
        airforceReceiver.covering();
        navyReceiver.crossing();
    }
}

2. 总命令

public class GeneralAttackCommand implements Command {
    private ArmyReceiver armyReceiver;

    public GeneralAttackCommand(ArmyReceiver armyReceiver) {
        this.armyReceiver = armyReceiver;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute() {
        armyReceiver.generalAttacking();
    }
}

3. 随时可以添加新的命令，比如重建命令

public class RebuildCommand implements Command {
    private RebuildOffice rebuildOffice;

    public RebuildCommand(RebuildOffice rebuildOffice) {
        this.rebuildOffice = rebuildOffice;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute() {
        rebuildOffice.rebuildingPostWar();
    }
}

接收命令的类

1. 海Jun

public class NavyReceiver {
    public void landing() {
        System.out.println("Navy landing on Taiwan Island");
    }

    public void crossing() {
        System.out.println("Navy crossing through Taiwan Island");
    }
}

2. 陆Jun

public class ArmyReceiver {
    public void  generalAttacking() {
        System.out.println("Army launches general attack.");
    }
}

3. 空Jun

public class AirforceReceiver {
    public void covering() {
        System.out.println("Air Force covering over Taiwan Island");
    }
}

4. 重建办公室

public class RebuildOffice {
    public void rebuildingPostWar() {
        System.out.println("Rebuild Taiwan after military action.");
    }
}

总指挥

public class ChiefCommander {
    private final List<Command> commands = new ArrayList<>();

    public void addCommand(Command cmd) {
        commands.add(cmd);
    }

    public void freeTaiwanOneKey() {
        for (Command cmd : commands)
            cmd.execute();
        commands.clear();
    }

}

测试类

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 总指挥
        ChiefCommander chiefCommander = new ChiefCommander();

        NavyReceiver navyReceiver = new NavyReceiver();
        ArmyReceiver armyReceiver = new ArmyReceiver();
        AirforceReceiver airforceReceiver = new AirforceReceiver();

        Command crossingCmd = new CrossingCommand(navyReceiver, airforceReceiver);
        Command attackingCmd = new GeneralAttackCommand(armyReceiver);

        chiefCommander.addCommand(crossingCmd);
        chiefCommander.addCommand(attackingCmd);

        chiefCommander.freeTaiwanOneKey();

        chiefCommander.addCommand(new RebuildCommand(new RebuildOffice()));
        chiefCommander.freeTaiwanOneKey();
    }
}

测试结果

Air Force covering over Taiwan Island
Navy crossing through Taiwan Island
Army launches general attack.
Rebuild Taiwan after military action.

Process finished with exit code 0

三、参考

https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/command-pattern.html
https://blog.devgenius.io/the-command-pattern-in-java-8a545a56d68a
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/command-design-pattern