策略模式的适用场景是,当一个系统中只有算法策略变化,而其他都不变,这时候应当将算法隔离开,策略模式就是解决这类问题的模式。
一、UML类图
二、代码示例
策略接口
public interface Strategy {
int doCalculate(int num1, int num2);
}
策略类
public class AddStrategy implements Strategy {
public int doCalculate(int num1, int num2) {
return num1 + num2;
}
}
public class SubtractStrategy implements Strategy {
public int doCalculate(int num1, int num2) {
return num1 - num2;
}
}
public class MultiplyStrategy implements Strategy {
public int doCalculate(int num1, int num2) {
return num1 * num2;
}
}
public class DivideStrategy implements Strategy {
public int doCalculate(int num1, int num2) {
return num1 + num2;
}
}
执行策略算法的上下文类
public class MyContext {
private Strategy strategy;
public MyContext(Strategy strategy) {
this.strategy = strategy;
}
public int executeStrategy(int num1, int num2) {
return strategy.doCalculate(num1, num2);
}
}
客户类
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyContext context = new MyContext(new AddStrategy());
int addRes = context.executeStrategy(222, 333);
System.out.println("strategy: add => " + addRes);
context = new MyContext(new SubtractStrategy());
int subRes = context.executeStrategy(123, 345);
System.out.println("strategy: sub => " + subRes);
}
}
运行结果
strategy: add => 555
strategy: sub => -222
Process finished with exit code 0
三、参考
- https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/strategy-pattern.html
- https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/strategy
- https://sourcemaking.com/design_patterns/strategy
设计模式系列博文导航
一、创建型 - 5种
原型模式(Prototype Pattern)
抽象工厂模式(Abstract Factory Pattern)
建造者模式(Builder Pattern)
工厂模式(Factory Pattern)
单例模式(Singleton Pattern)
助记语:原抽建工单
二、结构型 - 8种
享元模式(Flyweight Pattern)
代理模式(Proxy Pattern)
适配器模式(Adapter Pattern)
外观模式(Facade Pattern)
过滤器模式(Filter/Criteria Pattern)
桥接模式(Bridge Pattern)
组合模式(Composite Pattern)
装饰器模式(Decorator Pattern)
助记语:想呆室外,过桥组装
三、行为型 - 11种
责任链模式(Chain of Responsibility Pattern)
命令模式(Command Pattern)
解释器模式(Interpreter Pattern)
中介者模式(Mediator Pattern)
迭代器模式(Iterator Pattern)
观察者模式(Observer Pattern)
策略模式(Strategy Pattern)
状态模式(State Pattern)
备忘录模式(Memento Pattern)
模板方法模式(Template Pattern)
访问者模式(Visitor Pattern)
助记语:责令解中谍,观测状被模仿