通过fix-broken解决dpkg安装时依赖问题

以安装teamviewer为例

环境：

• Ubuntu desktop 20.04.1 minimal

安装：

>>> sudo dpkg -i teamviewer_15.10.5_amd64.deb

依赖问题报错：

Selecting previously unselected package teamviewer.
(Reading database ... 187088 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack teamviewer_15.10.5_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking teamviewer (15.10.5) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of teamviewer:
 teamviewer depends on libqt5webkit5 (>= 5.5) | qt56-teamviewer; however:
  Package libqt5webkit5 is not installed.
  Package qt56-teamviewer is not installed.
 teamviewer depends on libqt5x11extras5 (>= 5.5) | qt56-teamviewer; however:
  Package libqt5x11extras5 is not installed.
  Package qt56-teamviewer is not installed.
 teamviewer depends on qml-module-qtquick-controls (>= 5.5) | qt56-teamviewer; however:
  Package qml-module-qtquick-controls is not installed.
  Package qt56-teamviewer is not installed.
 teamviewer depends on qml-module-qtquick-dialogs (>= 5.5) | qt56-teamviewer; however:
  Package qml-module-qtquick-dialogs is not installed.
  Package qt56-teamviewer is not installed.
 teamviewer depends on qml-module-qtquick-window2 (>= 5.5) | qt56-teamviewer; however:
  Package qml-module-qtquick-window2 is not installed.
  Package qt56-teamviewer is not installed.
 teamviewer depends on qml-module-qtquick-layouts (>= 5.5) | qt56-teamviewer; however:
  Package qml-module-qtquick-layouts is not installed.
  Package qt56-teamviewer is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package teamviewer (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.24-1ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 teamviewer

安装缺少的依赖：

>>> sudo apt --fix-broken install

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  libfprint-2-tod1
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libqt5positioning5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sensors5 libqt5webchannel5 libqt5webkit5 libqt5x11extras5 qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects qml-module-qtquick-controls qml-module-qtquick-dialogs
  qml-module-qtquick-layouts qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets qml-module-qtquick-window2
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libqt5positioning5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sensors5 libqt5webchannel5 libqt5webkit5 libqt5x11extras5 qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects qml-module-qtquick-controls qml-module-qtquick-dialogs
  qml-module-qtquick-layouts qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets qml-module-qtquick-window2
0 upgraded, 12 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 13.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 57.9 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
Get:1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libqt5positioning5 amd64 5.12.8+dfsg-0ubuntu1 [197 kB]
Get:2 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libqt5printsupport5 amd64 5.12.8+dfsg-0ubuntu1 [193 kB]
Get:3 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libqt5sensors5 amd64 5.12.8-0ubuntu1 [114 kB]
Get:4 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libqt5webchannel5 amd64 5.12.8-0ubuntu1 [51.2 kB]
Get:5 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libqt5webkit5 amd64 5.212.0~alpha4-1ubuntu2 [12.1 MB]
Get:6 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libqt5x11extras5 amd64 5.12.8-0ubuntu1 [10.3 kB]
Get:7 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 qml-module-qtquick-window2 amd64 5.12.8-0ubuntu1 [21.4 kB]
Get:8 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects amd64 5.12.8-0ubuntu1 [71.2 kB]
Get:9 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 qml-module-qtquick-layouts amd64 5.12.8-0ubuntu1 [48.5 kB]
Get:10 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 qml-module-qtquick-controls amd64 5.12.8-0ubuntu2 [520 kB]
Get:11 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets amd64 5.12.8-0ubuntu2 [42.5 kB]
Get:12 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 qml-module-qtquick-dialogs amd64 5.12.8-0ubuntu2 [118 kB]
Fetched 13.5 MB in 2s (7,766 kB/s)                    
Selecting previously unselected package libqt5positioning5:amd64.
(Reading database ... 187199 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-libqt5positioning5_5.12.8+dfsg-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libqt5positioning5:amd64 (5.12.8+dfsg-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt5printsupport5:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../01-libqt5printsupport5_5.12.8+dfsg-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libqt5printsupport5:amd64 (5.12.8+dfsg-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt5sensors5:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../02-libqt5sensors5_5.12.8-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libqt5sensors5:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt5webchannel5:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../03-libqt5webchannel5_5.12.8-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libqt5webchannel5:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt5webkit5:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../04-libqt5webkit5_5.212.0~alpha4-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libqt5webkit5:amd64 (5.212.0~alpha4-1ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt5x11extras5:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../05-libqt5x11extras5_5.12.8-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libqt5x11extras5:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package qml-module-qtquick-window2:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../06-qml-module-qtquick-window2_5.12.8-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking qml-module-qtquick-window2:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../07-qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects_5.12.8-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package qml-module-qtquick-layouts:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../08-qml-module-qtquick-layouts_5.12.8-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking qml-module-qtquick-layouts:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package qml-module-qtquick-controls:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../09-qml-module-qtquick-controls_5.12.8-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking qml-module-qtquick-controls:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../10-qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets_5.12.8-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package qml-module-qtquick-dialogs:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../11-qml-module-qtquick-dialogs_5.12.8-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking qml-module-qtquick-dialogs:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libqt5x11extras5:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libqt5positioning5:amd64 (5.12.8+dfsg-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up qml-module-qtquick-window2:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up qml-module-qtquick-layouts:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libqt5printsupport5:amd64 (5.12.8+dfsg-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libqt5webchannel5:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libqt5sensors5:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu2) ...
Setting up qml-module-qtquick-controls:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libqt5webkit5:amd64 (5.212.0~alpha4-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up qml-module-qtquick-dialogs:amd64 (5.12.8-0ubuntu2) ...
Setting up teamviewer (15.10.5) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.1) ...

解决