C# yeild 语法糖

迭代器不只是一种遍历集合的方式（这只是最简单的用例之一），相反迭代器是返回序列的一种方式。这个序列甚至可能是无限的，或者单次的operation的cost很巨大比如load item，process。比如返回质数的list，我们没有办法返回一个无限长度的列表并使用前100个项。所以有时它必须是惰性的，每次执行完之后交还给caller。返回一个集合与返回一个即迭代是完全不同的概念。

看个例子： 

var Fishes = ProduceFish(5);
Console.WriteLine("Cheif: start to cook.");
Console.WriteLine("**********************");
foreach (int i in Fishes)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Cook the Fish: {i}");
}

IEnumerable<int> ProduceFish(int upto)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Helper helps to clean the fish ");
    for (int i = 0; i <= upto; i += 1)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("**********************");
        Console.WriteLine($"Helper cleans fish {i}");
        yield return i;
        Console.WriteLine($"Cook fish {i} finished, Helper move to next fish");
    }
    Console.WriteLine("End of Bussiness, Helper starts to clean the kitchen");
}

输出： 

 可以看到Helper每次只处理一条鱼，就会交给Cheif进行处理，而不是把5条鱼都处理完了之后，一块返回做处理。 

我们可以给每条鱼的处理加上2s的处理时间，使用 IAsyncEnumerable<T>替换掉 IEnumerable<T>来获得异步的iterator: 

var Fishes = ProduceFish(5);
Console.WriteLine("Cheif: start to cook.");
Console.WriteLine("**********************");
await foreach (int i in Fishes)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Cook the Fish: {i}");
}

async IAsyncEnumerable<int> ProduceFish(int upto)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Helper helps to clean the fish ");
    for (int i = 0; i <= upto; i += 1)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("**********************");
        Console.WriteLine($"Helper cleans fish {i}");
        yield return await TakeTimeToCleanFish(i);
        Console.WriteLine($"Cook fish {i} finished, Helper move to next fish");
    }
    Console.WriteLine("End of Bussiness, Helper starts to clean the kitchen");
}

async Task<int> TakeTimeToCleanFish(int i)
{
    await Task.Delay(2000);
    Console.WriteLine($"It took 2s to clean the fish {i}");
    return i; 
}

每次处理过程会以2s为间隔输出：