C++Primer 第一章 开始

知识点：

1. main函数的返回类型必须为int。

2.  一个注释不能嵌套早另一个注释之内。

3. 成员函数（member function）是定义为类的一部分的函数，有时也被称为方法（method）

4. 写入操作符（manipulator），结束当前行，并将与设备关联的缓冲区中的内容刷到设备中。缓冲刷新操作可以保证到目前为止程序所产生的所有输出都真正写入输出流中，而不是仅停留再内存中等待写入流。

5. 调试时添加的打印语句，应保证一直刷新流。

习题：

Exercise 1.9：

// sum the numbers from 50 to 100 (use while)

#include <iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

auto sum(int lo, int hi)
{
    int sum = 0;
    while (lo < hi) sum += lo++;
    return sum;
}

int main()
{
    cout << "sum is: " << sum(50, 100+1) <<endl;
    return 0;
}

//use for
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 50; i <= 100; ++i) sum += i;
    std::cout << "the sum is: " << sum << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

Exercise 1.10：

// prints the numbers from ten down to zero.(use while)

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int i = 10;
    while (i >= 0)
        std::cout << i-- << " ";
    return 0;
}

Exercise 1.11：

// Print each number in the range specified by two integers.(use while)

#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::cin;

void print_range(int lo, int hi)
{
    if (lo > hi)
    {
        print_range(hi, lo);
        return;
    }
    for (int i = lo; i != hi; ++i)
        cout << i << " ";
}

int main()
{
    int low = 0, high = 0;
    cout << "please input two integers:\n";
    cin >> low >> high;
    print_range(low, high);
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>  //(use for)

int main()
{
    std::cout << "please input two integers:\n";
    int small = 0, big = 0;
    std::cin >> small >> big;

    if (small > big)
    {
        int tmp = small;
        small = big;
        big = tmp;
    }

    for (int i = small; i != big; ++i)
        std::cout << i << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

Exercise 1.20：

#include <iostream>
#include "include/Sales_item.h"

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

int main()
{
    for (Sales_item item; cin >> item; cout << item << endl);
    return 0;
}

Exercise 1.21：

#include <iostream>
#include "include/Sales_item.h"

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::cerr;

int main()
{
    Sales_item item1, item2;
    cin >> item1 >> item2;
    if (item1.isbn() == item2.isbn())
        cout << item1 + item2 << endl;
    else
        cerr << "Different ISBN." << endl;
}

Exercise 1.22：

#include <iostream>
#include "include/Sales_item.h"

int main()
{
    Sales_item total;
    if (std::cin >> total)
    {
        Sales_item trans;
        while (std::cin >> trans)
        {
            if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
                total += trans;
            else
            {
                std::cout << total << std::endl;
                total = trans;
            }
        }
        std::cout << total << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cerr << "No data?!" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}