Modern OpenGL---08 顶点着色器与片段着色器间的通信

一个顶点数据可能会包含多个属性，比如2维坐标和4维的颜色，那么一个顶点数据就有6个维度了。通过顶点着色器，将每个顶点的颜色传递到片段着色器中。

传递颜色时，现在顶点着色器中声明一个输出颜色变量，然后再在片段着色器中声明一个输入颜色变量，这两个颜色变量的类型要一致，变量名也要相同，这样着色器程序就能够默认将这两个变量认为是同一个变量，就可以进行不同着色器之间的通信了。

值得注意的是，在增加了顶点数组中的颜色属性的数据后，在后面创建vbo对象后复制顶点数据时，需要修改复制顶点数据的大小，同时在启用顶点属性指针时，要多启用一个颜色属性的指针（id = 1），同时要在最后修改初始位置指针的偏移量。示意图如下：

代码：

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "Rectangle", nullptr, nullptr);
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
	std::cout << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << std::endl;
	glewInit();

	unsigned int vao;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
	glBindVertexArray(vao);

	std::vector<float> vertices = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,// 0
		 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,// 1
		 0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,// 2
		-0.5f,  0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f // 3
	};
	unsigned int vbo;
	glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.size() * sizeof(float), &vertices[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 5, 0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 5, (void*) (2 * sizeof(float))); //颜色指针的初始位置为跳过第一个位置数据的指针，即要往后移2个float大小

	std::vector<int> indices = {
		0, 1, 2,
		2, 3, 0
	};
	unsigned int ibo;
	glGenBuffers(1, &ibo);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo);
	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 6 * sizeof(unsigned int), &indices[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	const char* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
		"layout(location = 0) in vec4 pos;\n"
		"layout(location = 1) in vec4 color;\n"
		"out vec4 our_color;\n"
		"void main()\n"
		"{\n"
		"	gl_Position = pos;\n"
		"	our_color = color;\n"
		"}\0";
	unsigned int vs = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(vs, 1, &vertexShaderSource, nullptr);
	glCompileShader(vs);

	const char* fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
		"out vec4 color;\n"
		"in vec4 our_color;\n"
		"void main()\n"
		"{\n"
		"	color = our_color;\n"
		"}\0";
	unsigned int fs = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(fs, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, nullptr);
	glCompileShader(fs);
	
	unsigned int program = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(program, vs);
	glAttachShader(program, fs);
	glLinkProgram(program);
	
	glBindVertexArray(0);

	//glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
		glBindVertexArray(vao);
		glUseProgram(program);
		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	glDeleteProgram(program);
	glfwTerminate();

	return 0;
}

效果：