案例描述:实现一个通用的数组类,要求如下:
- 可以对内置数据类型以及自定义数据类型的数据进行存储
- 将数组中的数据存储到堆区
- 构造函数中可以传入数组的容量
- 提供对应的拷贝构造函数以及operator=防止浅拷贝问题
- 提供尾插法和尾删法对数组中的数据进行增加和删除
- 可以通过下标的方式访问数组中的元素
- 可以获取数组中当前元素个数和数组的容量
代码
MyArray.hpp中的代码
//自己的通用的数组类
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
class MyArray
{
public:
//有参构造 参数 容量
MyArray(int capacity)
{
cout << "Myarray的有参构造" << endl;
this->m_Capacity = capacity;
this->m_Size = 0;
this->pAddress = new T[this->m_Capacity];
}
//拷贝构造
MyArray(const MyArray& arr)
{
cout << "Myarray的拷贝构造调用" << endl;
this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
//深拷贝
this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];
//将arr中的数据都拷贝过来
for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++)
{
this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
}
}
//operator=防止浅拷贝问题
MyArray& operator=(const MyArray& arr)
{
cout << "Myarray的operator=调用" << endl;
//先判断原来堆区是否有数据,如果有先释放
if (this->pAddress != NULL)
{
delete[] this->pAddress;
this->pAddress = NULL;
this->m_Capacity = 0;
this->m_Size = 0;
}
//深拷贝
this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];
for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++)
{
this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
}
return *this;
}
//尾插法
void Push_Back(const T & val)
{
//判断容量是否等于大小
if (this->m_Capacity == this->m_Size)
{
return;
}
this->pAddress[this->m_Size] = val;//在数组末尾插入数据
this->m_Size++; //更新数组大小
}
//尾删法
void Pop_Back()
{
//让用户访问不到最后一个元素,即为尾删,逻辑删除
if (this->m_Size == 0)
{
return;
}
this->m_Size--;
}
//通过下标方式访问数组中的元素 arr[0]=100
T& operator[](int index)
{
return this->pAddress[index];
}
//返回数组容量
int getCapacity()
{
return this->m_Capacity;
}
//返回数组大小
int getSize()
{
return this->m_Size;
}
//析构函数
~MyArray()
{
cout << "Myarray的析构函数调用" << endl;
if (this->pAddress != NULL)
{
delete[] this->pAddress;
this->pAddress = NULL;
}
}
private:
T * pAddress;//指针指向堆区开辟的真实数组
int m_Capacity;//数组容量
int m_Size;//数组大小
};
类模板案例一.cpp中
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include"MyArray.hpp"
#include<string>
void printIntArray(MyArray<int>& arr)
{
for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i++)
{
cout << arr[i] << endl;
}
}
void test01()
{
MyArray<int>arr1(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
//利用尾插法向数组中插入数据
arr1.Push_Back(i);
}
cout << "arr1的打印输出为:" << endl;
printIntArray(arr1);
cout << "arr1的容量为:" << arr1.getCapacity() << endl;
cout << "arr1的大小为:" << arr1.getSize() << endl;
MyArray<int>arr2(arr1);
cout << "arr2的打印输出为:" << endl;
printIntArray(arr2);
//尾删
arr2.Pop_Back();
cout << "arr2尾删后:" << endl;
cout << "arr2的容量为:" << arr2.getCapacity() << endl;
cout << "arr2的大小为:" << arr2.getSize() << endl;
//MyArray<int>arr3(100);
//arr3 = arr1;
}
//测试自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
Person() {};
Person(string name, int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void printPersonArray(MyArray<Person>& arr)
{
for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i++)
{
cout << "姓名:"<< arr[i].m_Name << " 年龄:" << arr[i].m_Age << endl;
}
}
void test02()
{
MyArray<Person>arr(10);
Person p1("孙悟空", 999);
Person p2("韩信", 29);
Person p3("妲己", 30);
Person p4("安其拉", 31);
Person p5("赵云", 32);
//将数据插入到数组中
arr.Push_Back(p1);
arr.Push_Back(p2);
arr.Push_Back(p3);
arr.Push_Back(p4);
arr.Push_Back(p5);
//打印数组
printPersonArray(arr);
//输出容量
cout << "arr容量为:" << arr.getCapacity() << endl;
//输出大小
cout << "arr大小为:" << arr.getSize() << endl;
}
int main()
{
//test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
总结:
能够利用所学知识实现通用的数组