C#实现窗口间消息通信

C#实现不同窗口间的消息通信

有时候我们需要在一个程序中向另外一个窗口传递数据，以实现不同窗口间的数据通信，下面介绍两种通信方式，一种是使用窗体的消息处理机制，另一种是使用委托实现消息通信。

1 重写窗体消息发送机制来发送自定义消息

首先创建一个窗口程序A，添加数据发送以及打开窗口B的按钮，并重写消息发送函数，如图：

窗口程序A代码如下：

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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms;   namespace WinFormTest {     public struct CustomMsg     {         public string str;     }       public partial class Form1 : Form     {         //自定义消息         public const int USER = 0x800;         public const int MYMESSAGE = USER + 1;           /// <summary>         /// 重写消息发送函数         /// </summary>         /// <param name="hWnd">信息发往的窗口的句柄</param>         /// <param name="Msg">消息ID</param>         /// <param name="wParam">参数1</param>         /// <param name="lParam">自定义结构</param>         /// <returns></returns>         [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]         private static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int Msg, int wParam, ref CustomMsg lParam);           /// <summary>         /// 获取窗口句柄         /// </summary>         /// <param name="lpClassName"></param>         /// <param name="lpWindowName">窗口名称</param>         /// <returns></returns>         [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow")]         private extern static IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);           private void UnitySendMessage(CustomMsg msg)         {             IntPtr windows = FindWindow(null, "FormB");             if (windows != IntPtr.Zero)             {                 SendMessage(windows, MYMESSAGE, 0, ref msg);             }         }           public Form1()         {             InitializeComponent();         }           private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)         {             FormB formB = new FormB();             formB.Show();         }           private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)         {             CustomMsg customMsg = new CustomMsg();             customMsg.str = textBox2.Text;             UnitySendMessage(customMsg);         }     } }

窗口程序B接收代码如下：

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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms;   namespace WinFormTest {     public partial class FormB : Form     {         //自定义消息         public const int USER = 0x800;         public const int MYMESSAGE = USER + 1;           public FormB()         {             InitializeComponent();         }           //重写窗体的消息处理函数DefWndProc，从中加入自定义消息 MYMESSAGE 的检测处理入口         protected override void DefWndProc(ref Message m)         {             switch (m.Msg)             {                 //接收自定义消息MYMESSAGE，并显示其参数                 case MYMESSAGE:                     CustomMsg msg = new CustomMsg();                     Type t = msg.GetType();                     msg = (CustomMsg)m.GetLParam(t);                     ShowMessage(msg);                     break;                 default:                     //调用基类函数，以便系统处理其他消息                     base.DefWndProc(ref m);                     break;             }         }           public delegate void ShowMessageCallback(CustomMsg msg);         public void ShowMessage(CustomMsg msg)         {             if (this.InvokeRequired)             {                 ShowMessageCallback d = new ShowMessageCallback(ShowMessage);                 this.Invoke(d, new object[] { msg });             }             else             {                 textBox1.Text = msg.str;             }         }     } }

最后运行程序进行测试，测试结果如图：

2 使用委托进行进程间或窗体间通信

首先在类A或窗体A中创建委托事件并且发布事件，如：

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#region 调试 public delegate void DebugHandler(SerialMsg msg); /// <summary> /// 调试使用 /// </summary> public event DebugHandler DebugEvent; /// <summary> /// 直接输出接收到的数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="msg"></param> public void SerialToolsDebug(SerialMsg msg) { DebugEvent?.Invoke(msg); } #endregion

A发布了事件DebugEvent，在B中进行事件订阅，如：

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Class_A.DebugEvent += GetDataFromDebugEvent;   private void GetDataFromDebugEvent(SerialMsg msg) { this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherPriority.Background, (Action)(() => { //处理msg消息 })); }

实际使用时，当A中调用SerialToolsDebug(msg)发布消息后，B中就可以接收到A发布的消息，使用函数GetDataFromDebugEvent来处理，B中处理消息时使用匿名的委托函数来进行后台更新数据，可以避免频繁刷新UI界面时造成卡顿的情况。