作业-12.6

仿照string类，实现自定义My_string类，以及相关操作

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

class My_string
{
  private:
    char *cstr;
    int len;
  public:
    My_string()                          //无参构造
    {
        this->cstr = NULL;
        len = 0;
        cout << "My_string::无参构造" << endl;
    }

    My_string(const char *str)           //有参构造
    {
        len = strlen(str);
        this->cstr = new char[len+1];
        strcpy(cstr,str);
        *(cstr+len) = '\0';
        cout << "My_string::有参构造" << endl;
    }

    My_string(const My_string &other)    //拷贝构造
    {
        len = other.len;
        this->cstr = new char[other.len+1];
        strcpy(cstr, other.cstr);
        *(cstr+len) = '\0';
        cout << "My_string::拷贝构造" << endl;
    }

    ~My_string()                         //析构函数
    {
        if(NULL != cstr)
        {
            delete []cstr;
        }
        cout << "My_string::析构函数" << endl;
    }

    bool empty()                         //判断是否为空
    {
        if(len)
        {
            return true;
        }else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    int size()                           //返回字符串的长度
    {
        return len;
    }

    char &at(int index)                  //定位函数
    {
        if(len >= index)
        {
            return *(cstr+index);
        }else
        {
            static char error = -1;
            cout<< "**********data error**********" <<endl;
            return error;
        }
    }

    const char *c_str()                   //转化为C风格字符串
    {
        const char *p = cstr;
        return p;
    }
};

int main()
{
    //S1无参构造
    My_string s1;
    if(s1.empty())
    {
        cout<< "s1不为空" <<endl;
    }else
    {
        cout<< "s1为空" <<endl;
    }
    cout << "******************************" << endl;
    //S2有参构造
     My_string s2("ni hao shijie");
     for(int i=0; i<s2.size(); i++)
     {
         cout<<s2.at(i);
     }
     cout<<endl;

     cout << "******************************" << endl;
     //at超出范围报错
     cout<< "使用at超出范围报错>>>" <<endl;
     s2.at(100);

     cout << "******************************" << endl;
     //转换为C语言风格字符串
     char str1[s2.size()+1];
     const char *p1 = s2.c_str();
     strcpy(str1, p1);
     str1[s2.size()] = '\0';
     cout<< "str1 = " << str1 <<endl;

     cout << "******************************" << endl;
     //S3拷贝构造
     My_string s3(s2);
     for(int i=0; i<s3.size(); i++)
     {
         cout<<s3.at(i);
     }
     cout<<endl;

    return 0;
}