Python基础知识11（# python中常用小技巧总结 ）

# 1 字典的合并 merge

dict_a = {

    "a": 13,

    "b": 14,

    "c": 15

}

dict_b = {

    "d": 19,

    "b": 200,

    "e": 16

}

dict_c = {**dict_a, **dict_b} #merge

# dict_d = dict_a | dict_b

print(dict_c)

# print(dict_d)

#2 slice()切片

s = slice(3,6)

s2 = slice(3,None) #到最后。

list1 = [1,3,'a',5,11,16,19,20,11]

list2 = [1,3,'a',5,2,12,13,21,31]

print(list1[s])

print(list2[s])

#3

import heapq

取list中的值

s = [51,33,64,87,99,75,15,49,33,82]

print(heapq.nlargest(5, s))#[99, 87, 82, 75, 64]，输出s中5个最大的值，并逆序pail

print(heapq.nsmallest(3, s))#[15, 33, 33] ，输出s中3个最小的值，并正序排列

#4占位符和正则写法

_, *s, _ = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

print(s)#[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

#5

x = 3

print( 1 < x and x < 10)

print( 1< x <10)  #类似于数学上的写法

#6 把字符串 变成真正的列表

string = "[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]]"

import ast

def string_to_list(string):

    return ast.literal_eval(string)

list3 = string_to_list(string)

print(list3)

#7 print()#sep="@"合并打印

print("abc","163.com", sep="@")#abc@163.com

#8 数字

n = 123

# n1 = 0111 #不能以0开头

print(1_000_000_000)

#9 == 和is的区别

list4 = [1,2,3]

list5 = [1,2,3]

print(list4 == list5) 元素值相等

print(list4 is list5) # => id()不同

#10 判断是不是以传入的字符串为开头

str1 = "abcdefg"

print(str1.startswith('b'))

#11 set的add添加元素

set1 = {1,2,3,5}

set1.add('a')

print(set1)

set2 = frozenset(['a','b','c'])

# set2.add('d') #'frozenset' object has no attribute 'add'

print(set2)

#12 uicode 字符编号

print(ord('A'))#65

print(ord('B'))#66

print(ord('C'))#67

#13 字典 key 和 value 的互换

dict1 = {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c' }

dict2 = {j:i for i, j in dict1.items() } #推导式

print(dict2)

#14 bool

# 所有的值都有布尔值

print(bool('d'))

print(bool(''))

print(bool(0))

print(bool(1))

#15 复数

c = complex(10,2)

print(c)

h = hex(11)

print(h)

#16 lamda 函数 只能写在一行 one line 如果有 if 后面一定要有else

l = lambda x: "x > 3" if x > 3 else "x <=3"

print(l(2))

#17 字符串 判断空格

string1 = "a"

r = string1.isspace()

print(r)

# 判断字符串是不是数字

string2 = "123a"

r2 = string2.isdigit()

print(r2)

#判断中文的数字 还能识别大写的汉字

string3 = "四五六陆"

r3 = string3.isnumeric()

print(r3)

#判断一个字符串 的每个单子首字母是不是大写

string4 = "I Am Human"

r4 = string4.istitle()

print(r4)

#18 print()

def is_positive(n:int):

    print("大于0" if n > 0 else "小于等于0")

is_positive(-1)

#19 if all 和any

m_p = 51

b_p = 78

p_p = 100

conditions = [m_p > 60, b_p> 60 ,p_p>60 ]

if all(conditions):

    print("全部科目及格了")

else:

    print("有的科目挂了")