完美配置Linux软件开发环境（c++:VScode+opencv+QT，python:Pycharm+opencv+QT+tensorflow）

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 14:15:00 发布

置顶 Morgandas

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 14:15:00 发布

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文章标签： linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Morgandas/article/details/113368995

版权

一、工具准备篇

1. .deb安装，eg: chrome、搜狗输入法for Linux、坚果云

sudo dpkg -i ***.deb

2. install vim/gedit 文本编辑器

sudo apt-get install vim

sudo apt-get install gedit

3. 更换apt国内源

# 备份原来的源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources_init.list

# 更换源也可使用图形界面配置：系统设置 -> 软件和更新选择下载服务器 -> "mirrors.aliyun.com"

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

将以下国内源复制进文档：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 更新源

sudo apt-get update

#更新软件

sudo apt-get upgrade

4. 将系统自带python3链接到python

# 将系统自带的python3链接到python

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python

5. 安装pip3

# 安装pip

sudo apt-get install python3-pip # 输入pip3 -V查看pip3的版本

# 更新pip3

sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

# 将pip3链接到pip，可直接用pip命令

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip

解决pip下载慢的问题

方法1：可以在使用pip的时候在后面加上-i参数，指定pip源

pip install scrapy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

方法2：更换pip国内源

#创建pip文件夹

cd .config

sudo mkdir pip

cd pip

#创建pip.cong文件

sudo touch pip.conf

#编辑pip.conf文件

sudo vim pip.conf

在pip.conf文件中添加清华大学的pypi镜像，要是想用其他的镜像，替换成相应的地址即可。

[global]

index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

进入boot模式（sudo su），直接复制到终端运行

apt-get install python3-pip
ln -s /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
mkdir ~/.config/pip
(
echo "[global]
timeout=6
index-url=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
extra-index-url=
    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple"
echo "[install]
trusted-host=
    pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
    mirrors.aliyun.com"
) >> ~/.config/pip/pip.conf
pip3 install --upgrade pip

6. 安装显卡驱动

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42699580/article/details/104429749

二、 VScode开发环境

1. 急速下载VScode

参考：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/112215618

首先在官网找到需要下载的文件，点击下载。

在浏览器或者下载软件中就可以看到这么一个下载地址了，将其复制下来（如下图箭头所指）。

然后将红框内的部分更换为如下内容：vscode.cdn.azure.cn <--------就是左边这个

更新后的地址为：https://vscode.cdn.azure.cn/stable/ea3859d4ba2f3e577a159bc91e3074c5d85c0523/code_1.52.1-1608136922_amd64.deb

安装.deb

sudo dpkg -i code_1.52.1-1608136922_amd64.deb

2. 安装依赖、插件

安装依赖包：

sudo apt-get install gcc g++ gdb

安装VScode插件：

1.C/C++
2.Code Runner
3.Run in Terminal

三、安装OpenCV

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/WJ_SHI/article/details/107605439

1. 下载opencv源码 https://opencv.org/ eg: opencv-4.5.1.zip

2. 安装依赖

# libjasper-dev包无法定位，增加库并更新atp

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"

sudo apt-get update

# 安装opencv依赖

sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libswscale-dev libpng-dev libjasper-dev

3. 安装opencv

# install cmake 工具

sudo apt-get install cmake

# 解压.zip，将解压后文件移动到/opt目录下

cd /*** # 下载的opencv-4.5.1.zip文件所在目录

unzip opencv-4.5.1.zip

sudo mv opencv-4.5.1 /opt

cd /opt/opencv-4.5.1

sudo mkdir build

cd build

sudo cmake ..

sudo make

sudo make install

注意：最后所有文件将被安装到目录“/usr/local/”下面。

4. 修改环境变量配置

安装完成后，手动创建opencv.pc：

cd /usr/local/lib

sudo mkdir pkgconfig && cd pkgconfig

sudo gedit opencv.pc

然后添加：

prefix=/usr/local
exec_prefix=${prefix}
includedir=/usr/local/include
libdir=/usr/local/lib

Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 4.4.0
Libs: -L${exec_prefix}/lib -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_aruco -lopencv_bgsegm -lopencv_bioinspired -lopencv_ccalib -lopencv_dnn_objdetect -lopencv_dpm -lopencv_face -lopencv_photo -lopencv_freetype -lopencv_fuzzy -lopencv_hdf -lopencv_hfs -lopencv_img_hash -lopencv_line_descriptor -lopencv_optflow -lopencv_reg -lopencv_rgbd -lopencv_saliency -lopencv_stereo -lopencv_structured_light -lopencv_phase_unwrapping -lopencv_surface_matching -lopencv_tracking -lopencv_datasets -lopencv_text -lopencv_dnn -lopencv_plot -lopencv_xfeatures2d -lopencv_shape -lopencv_video -lopencv_ml -lopencv_ximgproc -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_flann -lopencv_xobjdetect -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_xphoto -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_core
Libs.private: -ldl -lm -lpthread -lrt
Cflags: -I${includedir}

更改环境变量，输入命令：

sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

打开之后，在文件最后面添加以下内容：

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH

保存退出，opencv基本上就安装完成了。通过 pkg-config 查看 opencv 版本:

pkg-config --modversion opencv

在bash.bashrc文件末尾加上

PKG_CONFIG=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

保存后退出，执行以下指令测试opencv配置成功：

ldconfig -p | grep opencv

5. python 链接opencv

pip install opencv-python

进行python测试，如下：

$ python
Python 3.8.5 (default, Jul 28 2020, 12:59:40)
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import cv2
>>> print(cv2.__version__)
4.5.1