数据结构——括号匹配（栈的应用）

先附上老师的代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define STACK_MAX_SIZE 10

/**
 * Linear stack of integers. The key is data.
 */
typedef struct CharStack {
    int top;

    int data[STACK_MAX_SIZE]; //The maximum length is fixed.
} *CharStackPtr;

/**
 * Output the stack.
 */
void outputStack(CharStackPtr paraStack) {
    for (int i = 0; i <= paraStack->top; i ++) {
        printf("%c ", paraStack->data[i]);
    }// Of for i
    printf("\r\n");
}// Of outputStack

/**
 * Initialize an empty char stack. No error checking for this function.
 * @param paraStackPtr The pointer to the stack. It must be a pointer to change the stack.
 * @param paraValues An int array storing all elements.
 */
CharStackPtr charStackInit() {
	CharStackPtr resultPtr = (CharStackPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct CharStack));
	resultPtr->top = -1;

	return resultPtr;
}//Of charStackInit

/**
 * Push an element to the stack.
 * @param paraValue The value to be pushed.
 */
void push(CharStackPtr paraStackPtr, int paraValue) {
    // Step 1. Space check.
    if (paraStackPtr->top >= STACK_MAX_SIZE - 1) {
        printf("Cannot push element: stack full.\r\n");
        return;
    }//Of if

    // Step 2. Update the top.
	paraStackPtr->top ++;

	// Step 3. Push element.
    paraStackPtr->data[paraStackPtr->top] = paraValue;
}// Of push

/**
 * Pop an element from the stack.
 * @return The poped value.
 */
char pop(CharStackPtr paraStackPtr) {
    // Step 1. Space check.
    if (paraStackPtr->top < 0) {
        printf("Cannot pop element: stack empty.\r\n");
        return '\0';
    }//Of if

    // Step 2. Update the top.
	paraStackPtr->top --;

	// Step 3. Push element.
    return paraStackPtr->data[paraStackPtr->top + 1];
}// Of pop

/**
 * Test the push function.
 */
void pushPopTest() {
    printf("---- pushPopTest begins. ----\r\n");

	// Initialize.
    CharStackPtr tempStack = charStackInit();
    printf("After initialization, the stack is: ");
	outputStack(tempStack);
    char ch;
	// Pop.
	for ( ch = 'a'; ch < 'm'; ch ++) {
		printf("Pushing %c.\r\n", ch);
		push(tempStack, ch);
		outputStack(tempStack);
	}//Of for i

	// Pop.
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i ++) {
		ch = pop(tempStack);
		printf("Pop %c.\r\n", ch);
		outputStack(tempStack);
	}//Of for i

    printf("---- pushPopTest ends. ----\r\n");
}// Of pushPopTest

/**
 * Is the bracket matching?
 * 
 * @param paraString The given expression.
 * @return Match or not.
 */
bool bracketMatching(char* paraString, int paraLength) {
	// Step 1. Initialize the stack through pushing a '#' at the bottom.
    CharStackPtr tempStack = charStackInit();
	push(tempStack, '#');
	char tempChar, tempPopedChar;

	// Step 2. Process the string.
	for (int i = 0; i < paraLength; i++) {
		tempChar = paraString[i];

		switch (tempChar) {
		case '(':
		case '[':
		case '{':
			push(tempStack, tempChar);
			break;
		case ')':
			tempPopedChar = pop(tempStack);
			if (tempPopedChar != '(') {
				return false;
			} // Of if
			break;
		case ']':
			tempPopedChar = pop(tempStack);
			if (tempPopedChar != '[') {
				return false;
			} // Of if
			break;
		case '}':
			tempPopedChar = pop(tempStack);
			if (tempPopedChar != '{') {
				return false;
			} // Of if
			break;
		default:
			// Do nothing.
			break;
		}// Of switch
	} // Of for i

	tempPopedChar = pop(tempStack);
	if (tempPopedChar != '#') {
		return true;
	} // Of if

	return true;
}// Of bracketMatching

/**
 * Unit test.
 */
void bracketMatchingTest() {
	char* tempExpression = "[2 + (1 - 3)] * 4";
	bool tempMatch = bracketMatching(tempExpression, 17);
	printf("Is the expression '%s' bracket matching? %d \r\n", tempExpression, tempMatch);


	tempExpression = "( )  )";
	tempMatch = bracketMatching(tempExpression, 6);
	printf("Is the expression '%s' bracket matching? %d \r\n", tempExpression, tempMatch);

	tempExpression = "()()(())";
	tempMatch = bracketMatching(tempExpression, 8);
	printf("Is the expression '%s' bracket matching? %d \r\n", tempExpression, tempMatch);

	tempExpression = "({}[])";
	tempMatch = bracketMatching(tempExpression, 6);
	printf("Is the expression '%s' bracket matching? %d \r\n", tempExpression, tempMatch);


	tempExpression = ")(";
	tempMatch = bracketMatching(tempExpression, 2);
	printf("Is the expression '%s' bracket matching? %d \r\n", tempExpression, tempMatch);
}// Of bracketMatchingTest

/**
 The entrance.
 */
int  main() {
	// pushPopTest();
	bracketMatchingTest();
}// Of main

运行结果

Is the expression '[2 + (1 - 3)] * 4' bracket matching? 1
Is the expression '( )  )' bracket matching? 0
Is the expression '()()(())' bracket matching? 1
Is the expression '({}[])' bracket matching? 1
Is the expression ')(' bracket matching? 0

我的代码

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

int main()
{
    int n;
    cin>>n;
    while(n--)
    {
        int flag=0;
        string s;
        cin>>s;
        stack<char>stk;
        for(int i=0; i<s.length(); i++)
        {
            if(s[i]=='('||s[i]=='['||s[i]=='{')
                stk.push(s[i]);
            else if(s[i]==')')
            {
                if(stk.empty())
                {
                    flag=1;
                    break;
                }
                if(stk.top()=='(')
                    stk.pop();
                else
                {
                    flag=1;
                    break;
                }

            }
            else if(s[i]==']')
            {
                if(stk.empty())
                {
                    flag=1;
                    break;
                }
                if(stk.top()=='[')
                    stk.pop();
                else
                {
                    flag=1;
                    break;
                }

            }
            else if(s[i]=='}')
            {
                if(stk.empty())
                {
                    flag=1;
                    break;
                }
                if(stk.top()=='{')
                    stk.pop();
                else
                {
                    flag=1;
                    break;
                }

            }

        }
        if(flag==1){
            cout<<"No"<<endl;
        }else if(stk.empty())
        {
            cout<<"Yes"<<endl;
        }
        else
        {
            cout<<"No"<<endl;
        }

    }
    return 0;
}

运行结果

5
(())(
No

总结：括号匹配可以让我们更好的理解栈，也可以加深我们对栈的理解。