C++ 实验四

一、实验目的

1．掌握运算符重载的方法；

2．理解虚函数与多态性；

3．实现运行时多态性的程序设计。

 

二、实验内容

（一）

定义一个复数（Complex）类，并重载运算符+和-，使得两个复数可以进行加法和减法的运算，注意：加法和减法可能是复数加减上另一个复数，也可能是复数加上一个普通的整数；

（二）

定义一个交通工具（Vehicles）基类，包含run、stop成员函数，由此派生出自行车(Bicycle)类、汽车(Car)类，从Bicycle和Car派生出摩托车(Motorcycle)类，它们都有run、stop等成员函数，定义一个包含7个元素的Vehicles类型的数组，在数组中存入1个Vehicles对象，1个Car对象，3个Bicycle对象以及2个Motorcycle对象，遍历此数组，观察虚函数的作用。

（一）

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex{
public:
    //构造函数
    Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
    Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}
    ~Complex(){} //析构函数
    //运算符重载
    Complex operator + (Complex &c2){ //复数加法
        return Complex(real+c2.real,imag+c2.imag);
    }
Complex operator + (double &r){  
//复数与实数加法，复数在运算符前面
        return Complex(real+r,imag);
    }
    Complex operator - (Complex &c2){  //复数减法
        return Complex(real-c2.real,imag-c2.imag);
    }
Complex operator - (double &r){
//复数与实数减法，复数在运算符前面
        return Complex(real-r,imag);
}
 //复数与实数加法，复数在运算符后面
friend Complex operator + (double &r, Complex &c);
//复数与实数减法，复数在运算符后面
friend Complex operator - (double &r,Complex &c);
    //显示
    void display(){
        if(real!=0 && imag!=0)
            cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
        else if(real==0 && imag==0)
            cout<<"0"<<endl;
        else if(real==0)
            cout<<imag<<"i"<<endl;
        else if(imag==0)
            cout<<real<<endl;
    }
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};

//复数与实数加法，复数在运算符后面
Complex operator + (double &r, Complex &c){
    return Complex(c.real+r,c.imag);
}
//复数与实数减法，复数在运算符后面
Complex operator - (double &r,Complex &c){
    return Complex(r-c.real,-c.imag);
}

int main()
{
    int k,j;
    double a,b,c,d,r;
    while(true){
        cout<<"选择要进行的操作：1、复数相加减；2、复数与实数相加减；3、退出"<<endl;
        cin>>k;
        while(k!=1 && k!=2 && k!=3){
            cout<<"输入错误！请重新输入：";
            cin>>k;
        }
        if(k==1){
            cout<<"分别输入两个复数的实部与虚部：";
            cin>>a>>b>>c>>d;
            Complex c1=Complex(a,b),c2=Complex(c,d);
            while(true){
                cout<<"1、加法；2、减法；3、返回上一级；4、退出；"<<endl;
                cin>>j;
                while(j!=1 && j!=2 && j!=3 && j!=4){
                    cout<<"输入错误！请重新输入：";
                    cin>>j;
                }
                if(j==1){
                    Complex c3=c1+c2;
                    cout<<"c1=";c1.display();
                    cout<<"c2=";c2.display();
                    cout<<"c3=c1+c2=";c3.display();
                }
                else if(j==2){
                    Complex c3=c1-c2;
                    cout<<"c1=";c1.display();
                    cout<<"c2=";c2.display();
                    cout<<"c3=c1-c2=";c3.display();
                }
                else if(j==3) break;
                else if(j==4) return 0;
            }
        }
        else if(k==2){
            cout<<"输入实数：";
            cin>>r;
            cout<<"输入虚数的实部与虚部：";
            cin>>a>>b;
            Complex c=Complex(a,b);
            while(true){
                cout<<"1、加法；2、减法；3、返回上一级；4、退出；"<<endl;
                cin>>j;
                while(j!=1 && j!=2 && j!=3 && j!=4){
                    cout<<"输入错误！请重新输入：";
                    cin>>j;
                }
                if(j==1){
                    Complex c2=c+r;
                    Complex c3=r+c;
                    cout<<"r="<<r<<endl;
                    cout<<"c=";c.display();
                    cout<<"c2=c+r=";c2.display();
                    cout<<"c3=r+c=";c3.display();
                }
                else if(j==2){
                    Complex c2=c-r;
                    Complex c3=r-c;
                    cout<<"r="<<r<<endl;
                    cout<<"c=";c.display();
                    cout<<"c2=c-r=";c2.display();
                    cout<<"c3=r-c=";c3.display();
                }
                else if(j==3) break;
                else if(j==4) return 0;
            }
        }
        else if(k==3) return 0;
    }
    return 0;
}

（二）

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class Vehicles{
public:
    Vehicles(){name="null";}
    Vehicles(string s){name=s;}
    virtual ~Vehicles(){cout<<"调用"<<name<<"的析构函数"<<endl;}
    virtual void stop(){cout<<"The vehicles "<<name<<" has stopped."<<endl;}
    virtual void run(){cout<<"The vehicles "<<name<<" is running."<<endl;}
private:
    string name;
};

class Bicycle: virtual public Vehicles{
public:
    Bicycle(){name="null";}
    Bicycle(string s){name=s;}
    virtual ~Bicycle(){cout<<"调用"<<name<<"的析构函数"<<endl;}
    void stop(){cout<<"The bicycle "<<name<<" has stopped."<<endl;}
    void run(){cout<<"The bicycle "<<name<<" is running."<<endl;}
private:
    string name;
};

class Car: virtual public Vehicles{
public:
    Car(){name="null";}
    Car(string s){name=s;}
    virtual ~Car(){cout<<"调用"<<name<<"的析构函数"<<endl;}
    void stop(){cout<<"The car "<<name<<" has stopped."<<endl;}
    void run(){cout<<"The car "<<name<<" is running."<<endl;}
private:
    string name;
};

class Motorcycle:public Bicycle, public Car{
public:
    Motorcycle(){name="null";}
    Motorcycle(string s){name=s;}
    ~Motorcycle(){cout<<"调用"<<name<<"的析构函数"<<endl;}
    void stop(){cout<<"The motorcycle "<<name<<" has stopped."<<endl;}
    void run(){cout<<"The motorcycle "<<name<<" is running."<<endl;}
private:
    string name;
};

//回收内存
void Destroy(Vehicles*arr[],int n){
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        delete arr[i];
    }
    delete [] arr;
}

//打印结果
void Print(Vehicles*arr[],int n){
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        arr[i]->run();
        arr[i]->stop();
        cout<<endl;
    }
}

int main(){
    //动态分配内存
    Vehicles *v=new Vehicles("v");
    Car *c=new Car("c");
    Bicycle *b1=new Bicycle("b1");
    Bicycle *b2=new Bicycle("b2");
    Bicycle *b3=new Bicycle("b3");
    Motorcycle *m1=new Motorcycle("m1");
    Motorcycle *m2=new Motorcycle("m2");
    const int n=7;
    Vehicles** arr = new Vehicles*[n]{v,c,b1,b2,b3,m1,m2};
    Print(arr,n);//打印结果
    Destroy(arr,n); //回收内存
    return 0;
}