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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-08 19:40:34 发布

Nflyingj

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-08 19:40:34 发布

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文章标签： android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Nflyingj/article/details/113093157

版权

这篇博客介绍了如何在Android应用中解析JSON数据，包括JSON的基本概念和使用JsonArray、JsonObject进行解析的步骤。同时，展示了如何实现底部导航栏功能，详细讲解了Fragment的创建、布局设置以及与底部导航栏的交互，实现了不同Fragment内容的切换。

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学习目标：

1.学习JSON数据解析
2.Fragment实现底部导航栏

学习内容：

Json简介
JavaScript Object Natation, 一种轻量级的数据交换格式, 与XML一样, 广泛被采用的客户端和服务端交互的解决方案！具有良好的可读和便于快速编写的特性。
Json解析类

[
    { "id":"1","name":"基神","age":"18" },
    { "id":"2","name":"B神","age":"18"  },
    { "id":"3","name":"曹神","age":"18" }
]

2.案例演示
2.1创建一个新的项目，在activity_main.xml写入代码

[
  {
    "id": "1",
    "name": "计算机基础教程",
    "press": "清华大学出版社",
    "author": "李晓云",
    "price": "30.5"
  },
  {
    "id": "2",
    "name": "Java程序设计",
    "press": "水利水电出版社",
    "author": "张国锋",
    "price": "40"
  },
  {
    "id": "3",
    "name": "安卓应用开发",
    "press": "北京大学出版社",
    "author": "郑晓华",
    "price": "60.5"
  },
  {
    "id": "4",
    "name": "PHP应用开发教程",
    "press": "南京大学出版社",
    "author": "滕玉国",
    "price": "27.5"
  }
]

2.2在project视图中新建assest文件包，在包中创建textbook.json

[
  {
    "id": "1",
    "name": "计算机基础教程",
    "press": "清华大学出版社",
    "author": "李晓云",
    "price": "30.5"
  },
  {
    "id": "2",
    "name": "Java程序设计",
    "press": "水利水电出版社",
    "author": "张国锋",
    "price": "40"
  },
  {
    "id": "3",
    "name": "安卓应用开发",
    "press": "北京大学出版社",
    "author": "郑晓华",
    "price": "60.5"
  },
  {
    "id": "4",
    "name": "PHP应用开发教程",
    "press": "南京大学出版社",
    "author": "滕玉国",
    "price": "27.5"
  }
]

2.3在主方法中写入

package com.example.myapplication;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView tvContent; // 显示内容的标签
    private String content; // 文件内容字符串

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // 利用布局文件设置用户界面
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // 通过资源标识获得控件实例
        tvContent = findViewById(R.id.tvContent);
    }

    /**
     * 读取JSON
     *
     * @param view
     */
    public void doReadJSON(View view) {
        try {
            // 读取assets目录里的文件，获取字节输入流
            InputStream is = getResources().getAssets().open("textbook.json");
            // 获取字节输入流长度
            int length = is.available();
            // 定义字节缓冲区
            byte[] buffer = new byte[length];
            // 读取字节输入流，将数据保存在字节缓冲区里
            is.read(buffer);
            // 将字节缓冲区的数据转换成字符串
            content =new String(buffer, "utf-8");
            // 将字符串显示在标签里
            tvContent.setText(content);
            // 设置标签的文本颜色
            tvContent.setTextColor(Color.BLUE);
            // 关闭字节输入流
            is.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 解析JSON
     *
     * @param view
     */
    public void doParseJSON(View view) {
        // 判断用户是否先读取了JSON
        if (content == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "请先读取JSON！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } else {
            try {
                // 清空标签内容
                tvContent.setText("");
                // 创建Json数组
                JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(content);
                // 遍历Json数组
                for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
                    // 获取Json对象
                    JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
                    // 对于Json对象按键取值
                    String id = jsonObject.getString("id");
                    String name = jsonObject.getString("name");
                    String press = jsonObject.getString("press");
                    String author = jsonObject.getString("author");
                    String price = jsonObject.getString("price");
                    // 拼接成一个图书信息
                    String book = "编号：" + id + "\n书名：《" + name + "》\n出版社：" + press + "\n作者：" + author + "\n单价：" + price + "\n\n";
                    // 将图书信息添加到标签里
                    tvContent.append(book);
                    // 设置标签的文本颜色
                    tvContent.setTextColor(Color.RED);
                }
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

运行结果
在这里插入图片描述

3.Fragment实现底部导航栏
3.1创建一个新的项目，activity_main.xml中写入

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <RelativeLayout
        android:id="@+id/ly_top_bar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="48dp"
        android:background="@color/bg_topbar">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/txt_topbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_centerInParent="true"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="18sp"
            android:textColor="@color/text_topbar"
            android:text="信息"/>


        <View
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="2px"
            android:background="@color/div_white"
            android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"/>

    </RelativeLayout>



    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ly_tab_bar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="56dp"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:background="@color/bg_white"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/txt_channel"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@drawable/tab_menu_bg"
            android:drawablePadding="3dp"
            android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_channel"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="5dp"
            android:text="@string/tab_menu_alert"
            android:textColor="@drawable/tab_menu_text"
            android:textSize="16sp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/txt_message"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@drawable/tab_menu_bg"
            android:drawablePadding="3dp"
            android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_message"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="5dp"
            android:text="@string/tab_menu_profile"
            android:textColor="@drawable/tab_menu_text"
            android:textSize="16sp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/txt_better"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@drawable/tab_menu_bg"
            android:drawablePadding="3dp"
            android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_better"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="5dp"
            android:text="@string/tab_menu_pay"
            android:textColor="@drawable/tab_menu_text"
            android:textSize="16sp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/txt_setting"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@drawable/tab_menu_bg"
            android:drawablePadding="3dp"
            android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_setting"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="5dp"
            android:text="@string/tab_menu_setting"
            android:textColor="@drawable/tab_menu_text"
            android:textSize="16sp"/>

    </LinearLayout>

    <View
        android:id="@+id/div_tab_bar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="2px"
        android:background="@color/div_white"
        android:layout_above="@id/ly_tab_bar"/>


    <FrameLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_below="@id/ly_top_bar"
        android:layout_above="@id/div_tab_bar"
        android:id="@+id/ly_content">

    </FrameLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

3.2在项目清单文件中写入
在这里插入图片描述
3.3创建一个Fragment的简单布局与类，在layout中创建一个

写入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/bg_white">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="呵呵"
        android:textColor="@color/text_yellow"
        android:textSize="20sp"/>

</LinearLayout>

3.4创建一个新的类，并写入

package net.nell.fragmentdemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {

    private String content;
    public MyFragment(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_content,container,false);
        TextView txt_content = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.txt_content);
        txt_content.setText(content);
        return view;
    }
}

3.5在主方法中写入

package net.nell.fragmentdemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    //UI Object
    private TextView txt_topbar;
    private TextView txt_channel;
    private TextView txt_message;
    private TextView txt_better;
    private TextView txt_setting;
    private FrameLayout ly_content;

    //Fragment Object
    private MyFragment fg1,fg2,fg3,fg4;
    private FragmentManager fManager;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        fManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        bindViews();
        txt_channel.performClick();   //模拟一次点击，既进去后选择第一项
    }

    //UI组件初始化与事件绑定
    private void bindViews() {
        txt_topbar = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_topbar);
        txt_channel = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_channel);
        txt_message = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_message);
        txt_better = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_better);
        txt_setting = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_setting);
        ly_content = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.ly_content);

        txt_channel.setOnClickListener(this);
        txt_message.setOnClickListener(this);
        txt_better.setOnClickListener(this);
        txt_setting.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    //重置所有文本的选中状态
    private void setSelected(){
        txt_channel.setSelected(false);
        txt_message.setSelected(false);
        txt_better.setSelected(false);
        txt_setting.setSelected(false);
    }

    //隐藏所有Fragment
    private void hideAllFragment(FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction){
        if(fg1 != null)fragmentTransaction.hide(fg1);
        if(fg2 != null)fragmentTransaction.hide(fg2);
        if(fg3 != null)fragmentTransaction.hide(fg3);
        if(fg4 != null)fragmentTransaction.hide(fg4);
    }


    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        FragmentTransaction fTransaction = fManager.beginTransaction();
        hideAllFragment(fTransaction);
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.txt_channel:
                setSelected();
                txt_channel.setSelected(true);
                if(fg1 == null){
                    fg1 = new MyFragment("第一个Fragment");
                    fTransaction.add(R.id.ly_content,fg1);
                }else{
                    fTransaction.show(fg1);
                }
                break;
            case R.id.txt_message:
                setSelected();
                txt_message.setSelected(true);
                if(fg2 == null){
                    fg2 = new MyFragment("第二个Fragment");
                    fTransaction.add(R.id.ly_content,fg2);
                }else{
                    fTransaction.show(fg2);
                }
                break;
            case R.id.txt_better:
                setSelected();
                txt_better.setSelected(true);
                if(fg3 == null){
                    fg3 = new MyFragment("第三个Fragment");
                    fTransaction.add(R.id.ly_content,fg3);
                }else{
                    fTransaction.show(fg3);
                }
                break;
            case R.id.txt_setting:
                setSelected();
                txt_setting.setSelected(true);
                if(fg4 == null){
                    fg4 = new MyFragment("第四个Fragment");
                    fTransaction.add(R.id.ly_content,fg4);
                }else{
                    fTransaction.show(fg4);
                }
                break;
        }
        fTransaction.commit();
    }
}

运行结果
在这里插入图片描述

Nflyingj

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学习日志15

学习目标：1.学习JSON数据解析2.Fragment实现底部导航栏学习内容：Json简介JavaScript Object Natation, 一种轻量级的数据交换格式, 与XML一样, 广泛被采用的客户端和服务端交互的解决方案！具有良好的可读和便于快速编写的特性。Json解析类[ { "id":"1","name":"基神","age":"18" }, { "id":"2","name":"B神","age":"18" }, { "id":"3","name":"
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