Linux 驱动开发 十六：设备树在系统中的体现

一、概述

Linux 内核启动的时候会解析设备树中各个节点的信息，并且在根文件系统的 /proc/devicetree 目录下根据节点名字创建不同文件夹。

/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # pwd
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # ls -al
total 0
-r--r--r--    1 0        0                4 Jan  1 00:01 #address-cells
-r--r--r--    1 0        0                4 Jan  1 00:01 #size-cells
drwxr-xr-x   15 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 .
drwxr-xr-x    3 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:00 ..
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 aliases
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 backlight
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 chosen
drwxr-xr-x    6 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 clocks
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               34 Jan  1 00:01 compatible
drwxr-xr-x    3 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 cpus
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 interrupt-controller@00a01000
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 memory
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               36 Jan  1 00:01 model
-r--r--r--    1 0        0                1 Jan  1 00:01 name
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 pxp_v4l2
drwxr-xr-x    5 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 regulators
drwxr-xr-x    3 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 reserved-memory
drwxr-xr-x   12 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 soc
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 sound
drwxr-xr-x    3 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 spi4
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base #

// d-代表目录

使用设备树节点内容如下：

/ {
	model = "Freescale i.MX6 ULL 14x14 EVK Board";
	compatible = "fsl,imx6ull-14x14-evk", "fsl,imx6ull";
	
	aliases {
	
	};
	cpus {
	
	};
	intc: interrupt-controller@00a01000 {
	
	};
	clocks {
	
	};
	soc {
	
	};
	chosen {
	
	};
	memory {
	
	};
	reserved-memory{
	
	};
	backlight {
	
	};
	pxp_v4l2 {
	
	};
	regulators {
	
	};
	sound {
	
	};
	spi4 {
	
	};
}

通过以上内容可以确定 /sys/firmware/devicetree/base 目录下保存设备树根节点 "/" 下属性和相关子节点。每一个属性为一个单独文件，每一个子节点为一个单独目录。

二、设备树解析目录确定

内核初始化时调用 of_core_init 函数，将设备树解析到 "/sys/firmware/devicetree/base" 目录下。

void __init of_core_init(void)
{
	struct device_node *np;

	/* Create the kset, and register existing nodes */
	mutex_lock(&of_mutex);
	of_kset = kset_create_and_add("devicetree", NULL, firmware_kobj);
	if (!of_kset) {
		mutex_unlock(&of_mutex);
		pr_err("devicetree: failed to register existing nodes\n");
		return;
	}
	for_each_of_allnodes(np)
		__of_attach_node_sysfs(np);
	mutex_unlock(&of_mutex);

	/* Symlink in /proc as required by userspace ABI */
	if (of_root)
		proc_symlink("device-tree", NULL, "/sys/firmware/devicetree/base");
}

三、特殊节点

1、model

设备树中内容：

model = "Freescale i.MX6 ULL 14x14 EVK Board";

系统中内容：

/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # cat model
Freescale i.MX6 ULL 14x14 EVK Board
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base #

2、compatible

设备树中内容：

compatible = "fsl,imx6ull-14x14-evk", "fsl,imx6ull";

系统中内容：

/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # cat compatible
fsl,imx6ull-14x14-evkfsl,imx6ull
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base #

3、aliases

设备树中内容：

aliases {
	can0 = &flexcan1;
	can1 = &flexcan2;
	ethernet0 = &fec1;
	ethernet1 = &fec2;
	gpio0 = &gpio1;
	gpio1 = &gpio2;
	gpio2 = &gpio3;
	gpio3 = &gpio4;
	gpio4 = &gpio5;
	i2c0 = &i2c1;
	i2c1 = &i2c2;
	i2c2 = &i2c3;
	i2c3 = &i2c4;
	mmc0 = &usdhc1;
	mmc1 = &usdhc2;
	serial0 = &uart1;
	serial1 = &uart2;
	serial2 = &uart3;
	serial3 = &uart4;
	serial4 = &uart5;
	serial5 = &uart6;
	serial6 = &uart7;
	serial7 = &uart8;
	spi0 = &ecspi1;
	spi1 = &ecspi2;
	spi2 = &ecspi3;
	spi3 = &ecspi4;
	usbphy0 = &usbphy1;
	usbphy1 = &usbphy2;
};

系统中内容：

/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/aliases # pwd
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/aliases
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/aliases # ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 .
drwxr-xr-x   15 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 ..
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               36 Jan  1 00:39 can0
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               36 Jan  1 00:39 can1
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               41 Jan  1 00:39 ethernet0
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               41 Jan  1 00:39 ethernet1
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               37 Jan  1 00:39 gpio0
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               37 Jan  1 00:39 gpio1
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               37 Jan  1 00:39 gpio2
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               37 Jan  1 00:39 gpio3
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               37 Jan  1 00:39 gpio4
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               36 Jan  1 00:39 i2c0
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               36 Jan  1 00:39 i2c1
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               36 Jan  1 00:39 i2c2
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               36 Jan  1 00:39 i2c3
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               38 Jan  1 00:39 mmc0
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               38 Jan  1 00:39 mmc1
-r--r--r--    1 0        0                8 Jan  1 00:39 name
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               57 Jan  1 00:39 serial0
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               39 Jan  1 00:39 serial1
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               39 Jan  1 00:39 serial2
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               39 Jan  1 00:39 serial3
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               39 Jan  1 00:39 serial4
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               39 Jan  1 00:39 serial5
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               57 Jan  1 00:39 serial6
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               39 Jan  1 00:39 serial7
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               56 Jan  1 00:39 spi0
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               56 Jan  1 00:39 spi1
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               56 Jan  1 00:39 spi2
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               56 Jan  1 00:39 spi3
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               39 Jan  1 00:39 usbphy0
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               39 Jan  1 00:39 usbphy1
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/aliases #

4、chosen

设备树中内容：

chosen {
	stdout-path = &uart1;
};

系统中内容：

/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen # pwd
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen # ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 .
drwxr-xr-x   15 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 ..
-r--r--r--    1 0        0              173 Jan  1 00:22 bootargs
-r--r--r--    1 0        0                7 Jan  1 00:22 name
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               57 Jan  1 00:22 stdout-path
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen # cat bootargs
console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.6.129:/home/onlylove/linux/nfs/rootfs-l,proto=tcp rw ip=192.168.6.200:192.168.6.129:192.168.6.2:255.255.255.0::eth0:off
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen # cat name
chosen
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen # cat stdout-path
/soc/aips-bus@02000000/spba-bus@02000000/serial@02020000
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen #

/soc/aips-bus@02000000/spba-bus@02000000/serial@02020000 为 uart1 全路径。

console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.6.129:/home/onlylove/linux/nfs/rootfs-l,proto=tcp rw ip=192.168.6.200:192.168.6.129:192.168.6.2:255.255.255.0::eth0:off 在 uboot 中设置参数。

uboot 在启动 Linux 内核的时候会将 bootargs 的值传递给 Linux 内核，bootargs 会作为 Linux 内核的命令行参数，Linux 内核启动的时候会打印出命令行参数。