一、原理分析
通过原理图可以确定 beep
连接到 SNVS_TAMPER1
引脚上。根据 beep 原理,当 SNVS_TAMPER1
输出低电平时,beep
鸣叫。
通过数据手册确定 SNVS_TAMPER1
可以复用为 GPIO5 IO1
。
二、pinctrl 子系统和gpio子系统概念
i.MX 6ULL 驱动开发 五:LED 驱动_lqonlylove的博客-CSDN博客
三、修改设备树
1、确定引脚
通过原理图可以确定 beep
使用 GPIO5_IO1
引脚。
2、添加 pinctrl 子系统相关配置
pinctrl_beep: beepgrp {
fsl,pins = <
MX6ULL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER1__GPIO5_IO01 0x10B0 /* beep */
>;
};
3、添加 gpio 子系统相关配置
beep {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
compatible = "lq-beep";
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_beep>;
beep-gpio = <&gpio5 1 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
status = "okay";
};
4、测试
1、编译设备树
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/linux/linux-imx-4.1.15$ make dtbs
CHK include/config/kernel.release
CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h
make[1]: 'include/generated/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK include/generated/bounds.h
CHK include/generated/asm-offsets.h
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
DTC arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dtb
DTC arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ull-alientek-nand.dtb
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/linux/linux-imx-4.1.15$
2、拷贝编译成功的设备树文件
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/linux/linux-imx-4.1.15$ ls /home/onlylove/my/tftp/ -l
total 11528
-rwxrwxr-x 1 onlylove onlylove 5901744 Sep 17 04:04 zImage
-rwxrwxr-x 1 onlylove onlylove 5901752 Aug 20 01:24 zImage.bak
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/linux/linux-imx-4.1.15$ cp arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dtb /home/onlylove/my/tftp
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/linux/linux-imx-4.1.15$ ls /home/onlylove/my/tftp/ -l
total 11568
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove 39092 Sep 17 06:50 imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dtb
-rwxrwxr-x 1 onlylove onlylove 5901744 Sep 17 04:04 zImage
-rwxrwxr-x 1 onlylove onlylove 5901752 Aug 20 01:24 zImage.bak
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/linux/linux-imx-4.1.15$
3、启动 linux
查看设备树解析是否成功
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # pwd
/proc/device-tree
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # ls
#address-cells interrupt-controller@00a01000
#size-cells key
aliases memory
alphaled model
backlight name
beep pxp_v4l2
chosen regulators
clocks reserved-memory
compatible sii902x-reset
cpus soc
gpio-keys sound
gpioled spi4
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # cd beep/
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/beep # ls
#address-cells beep-gpio name pinctrl-names
#size-cells compatible pinctrl-0 status
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/beep # ls -l
total 0
-r--r--r-- 1 root 0 4 Jan 1 05:02 #address-cells
-r--r--r-- 1 root 0 4 Jan 1 05:02 #size-cells
-r--r--r-- 1 root 0 12 Jan 1 05:02 beep-gpio
-r--r--r-- 1 root 0 8 Jan 1 05:02 compatible
-r--r--r-- 1 root 0 5 Jan 1 05:02 name
-r--r--r-- 1 root 0 4 Jan 1 05:02 pinctrl-0
-r--r--r-- 1 root 0 8 Jan 1 05:02 pinctrl-names
-r--r--r-- 1 root 0 5 Jan 1 05:02 status
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/beep # cat compatible
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/beep # cat name
beep/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/beep #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/beep #
四、驱动编写
1、makefile
KERNELDIR := /home/onlylove/my/linux/linux-imx-4.1.15
CURRENT_PATH := $(shell pwd)
obj-m := beep.o
build: kernel_modules
kernel_modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules
clean:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) clean
2、beep.c
#include "linux/init.h"
#include "linux/module.h"
#include "linux/kdev_t.h"
#include "linux/fs.h"
#include "linux/cdev.h"
#include "linux/device.h"
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/of_address.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#define NEWCHRDEV_MAJOR 0 /* 主设备号(如果为0则让系统自动分配,如果大于0则使用指定设备号) */
#define NEWCHRDEV_MINOR 0 /* 次设备号 */
#define NEWCHRDEV_COUNT 1 /* 设备号个数 */
#define NEWCHRDEV_NAME "lq-beep" /* 名子 */
#define BEEPOFF 0 /* 关灯 */
#define BEEPON 1 /* 开灯 */
typedef struct{
struct cdev dev; /* cdev 结构体 */
int major; /* 主设备号 */
int minor; /* 次设备号 */
dev_t devid; /* 设备号 */
struct class *class; /* 类 */
struct device *device; /* 设备 */
struct device_node *nd; /* 设备节点 */
int beep_gpio; /* beep所使用的GPIO编号 */
}newchrdev_t;
newchrdev_t newchrdev;
int beep_init(void)
{
int ret = 0;
/***** 处理设备树 *****/
/* 1、获取设备节点:beep */
newchrdev.nd = of_find_node_by_path("/beep");
if(newchrdev.nd == NULL) {
printk("beep node not find!\r\n");
return 1;
} else {
printk("beep node find!\r\n");
}
/* 2、 获取设备树中的gpio属性,得到 beep 所使用的 GPIO 编号 */
newchrdev.beep_gpio = of_get_named_gpio(newchrdev.nd, "beep-gpio", 0);
if(newchrdev.beep_gpio < 0) {
printk("can't get beep");
return 2;
}
printk("beep num = %d\r\n", newchrdev.beep_gpio);
/***** 使用gpio子系统设置引脚 *****/
/* 1、向 gpio 子系统申请 GPIO 管脚 */
ret = gpio_request(newchrdev.beep_gpio,"beep");
if(ret){
printk("can't request gpio!\r\n");
}
/* 2、设置GPIO5_IO1为输出 */
ret = gpio_direction_output(newchrdev.beep_gpio, 1);
if(ret < 0) {
printk("can't set gpio!\r\n");
goto beep_init_error;
}
/* 3、设置beep默认状态(默认不鸣叫) */
gpio_set_value(newchrdev.beep_gpio,1);
return 0;
beep_init_error:
gpio_free(newchrdev.beep_gpio);
return -1;
}
int beep_exit(void)
{
/* 1、设置beep退出状态(不鸣叫) */
gpio_set_value(newchrdev.beep_gpio,1);
/* 2、释放从gpio子系统申请的GPIO管脚 */
gpio_free(newchrdev.beep_gpio);
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : 打开设备
* @param - inode : 传递给驱动的inode
* @param - filp : 设备文件,file结构体有个叫做private_data的成员变量
* 一般在open的时候将private_data指向设备结构体。
* @return : 0 成功;其他 失败
*/
static int beep_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk("beep_open!\r\n");
filp->private_data = &newchrdev; /* 设置私有数据 */
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : 从设备读取数据
* @param - filp : 要打开的设备文件(文件描述符)
* @param - buf : 返回给用户空间的数据缓冲区
* @param - cnt : 要读取的数据长度
* @param - offt : 相对于文件首地址的偏移
* @return : 读取的字节数,如果为负值,表示读取失败
*/
static ssize_t beep_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
printk("beep_read!\r\n");
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : 向设备写数据
* @param - filp : 设备文件,表示打开的文件描述符
* @param - buf : 要写给设备写入的数据
* @param - cnt : 要写入的数据长度
* @param - offt : 相对于文件首地址的偏移
* @return : 写入的字节数,如果为负值,表示写入失败
*/
static ssize_t beep_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
long retvalue = 0;
unsigned char databuf[1];
unsigned char ledstat;
newchrdev_t *dev = filp->private_data;
printk("beep_write!\r\n");
retvalue = copy_from_user(databuf, buf, cnt);
if(retvalue < 0) {
printk("kernel write failed!\r\n");
return -EFAULT;
}
printk("databuf = %d\r\n",databuf[0]);
ledstat = databuf[0]; /* 获取状态值 */
if(ledstat == BEEPON) {
gpio_set_value(dev->beep_gpio, 0); /* 打开LED灯 */
} else if(ledstat == BEEPOFF) {
gpio_set_value(dev->beep_gpio, 1); /* 关闭LED灯 */
}
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : 关闭/释放设备
* @param - filp : 要关闭的设备文件(文件描述符)
* @return : 0 成功;其他 失败
*/
static int beep_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk("beep_release!\r\n");
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations beepops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = beep_open,
.read = beep_read,
.write = beep_write,
.release = beep_release,
};
/* 驱动入口函数 */
static int __init newchrdev_init(void)
{
/* 驱动入口函数具体内容 */
/* 1、字符设备号分配 */
int ret;
newchrdev.major = NEWCHRDEV_MAJOR;
if(newchrdev.major){
newchrdev.minor = NEWCHRDEV_MINOR;
newchrdev.devid = MKDEV(newchrdev.major, newchrdev.minor);
ret = register_chrdev_region(newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
}else{
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&newchrdev.devid,0,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
newchrdev.major = MAJOR(newchrdev.devid);
newchrdev.minor = MINOR(newchrdev.devid);
}
if(ret < 0){
printk("newchrdev xxx_chrdev_region failed!\r\n");
goto newchrdev_chrdev_region_failed;
}
printk("newchrdev major=%d,minor=%d\r\n",newchrdev.major,newchrdev.minor);
/* 2、注册字符设备 */
newchrdev.dev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev_init(&newchrdev.dev,&beepops);
ret = cdev_add(&newchrdev.dev,newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT);
if(ret < 0){
printk("newchrdev cdev_add failed!\r\n");
goto newchrdev_cdev_add_failed;
}
/* 3、创建类 */
newchrdev.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(newchrdev.class)) {
printk("newchrdev class_create failed!\r\n");
goto newchrdev_class_create_failed;
}
/* 4、创建设备 */
newchrdev.device = device_create(newchrdev.class,NULL,newchrdev.devid,NULL,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(newchrdev.device)){
printk("newchrdev device_create failed!\r\n");
goto neschrdev_device_creat_failed;
}
/* beep 初始化 */
beep_init();
return 0;
neschrdev_device_creat_failed:
class_destroy(newchrdev.class);
newchrdev_class_create_failed:
cdev_del(&newchrdev.dev);
newchrdev_cdev_add_failed:
unregister_chrdev_region(newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT);
newchrdev_chrdev_region_failed: /* 字符设备号分配失败处理函数(未分配资源,因此不做处理) */
return ret;
}
/* 驱动卸载函数 */
static void __exit newchrdev_exit(void)
{
/* beep 操作 */
beep_exit();
/* 驱动卸载函数具体内容 */
/* 4、删除设备 */
device_destroy(newchrdev.class,newchrdev.devid);
/* 3、删除类 */
class_destroy(newchrdev.class);
/* 2、注销字符设备 */
cdev_del(&newchrdev.dev);
/* 1、释放设备号 */
unregister_chrdev_region(newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT);
}
module_init(newchrdev_init);
module_exit(newchrdev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
五、应用程序编写
1、makefile
beep_app:
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc beep_app.c -o beep_app
clean:
rm -rf beep_app
2、beep_app.c
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd = 0, retvalue = 0;
char writebuf[1] = {0};
unsigned int connect = 0;
if(argc != 3){
printf("Error Usage!\r\n");
return -1;
}
writebuf[0] = atoi(argv[2]);
fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0){
printf("Can't open file %s\r\n", argv[1]);
return -1;
}
retvalue = write(fd, writebuf, sizeof(writebuf));
close(fd);
return 0;
}
六、测试
/ # ls
beep.ko home minicom.log root var
beep_app include mnt sbin video
bin led.ko music share
dev led_app newchrdev.ko sys
drivers lib newchrdev_app tmp
etc linuxrc proc usr
/ # insmod beep.ko
newchrdev major=248,minor=0
beep node find!
beep num = 129
/ # ls -l /dev/lq-beep
crw-rw---- 1 root 0 248, 0 Jan 1 05:29 /dev/lq-beep
/ # rmmod beep.ko
/ # ls -l /dev/lq-beep
ls: /dev/lq-beep: No such file or directory
/ # insmod beep.ko
newchrdev major=248,minor=0
beep node find!
beep num = 129
/ # ./beep_app /dev/lq-beep 0
beep_open!
beep_write!
databuf = 0
beep_release!
/ # ./beep_app /dev/lq-beep 1
beep_open!
beep_write!
databuf = 1
beep_release!
/ # ./beep_app /dev/lq-beep 0
beep_open!
beep_write!
databuf = 0
beep_release!
/ # ./beep_app /dev/lq-beep 1
beep_open!
beep_write!
databuf = 1
beep_release!
/ # rmmod beep.ko
/ # ls -l /dev/lq-beep
ls: /dev/lq-beep: No such file or directory
/ #