libevent 学习笔记

一、参考

libevent

Libevent深入浅出 - 《Libevent 深入浅出》 - 书栈网 · BookStack

libevent 之 event config的相关函数介绍_event_config_new_yldfree的博客-CSDN博客

Libevent之evbuffer详解_有时需要偏执狂的博客-CSDN博客

二、libevent概述

libevent 就是将网络、IO多路复用等进行封装。核心：监听事件。

event_base：表示事件集合。

event：表示事件（对应一个fd或者一个signal）。

bufferevent：带缓存的事件。

三、libevent 笔记

1、重要结构体

1、struct event：事件；

2、struct event_base：事件的集合；

3、struct event_config：event_base 配置结构体；

4、struct bufferevent：带缓存区事件；

5、struct evbuffer：缓存区抽象；

6、struct evconnlistener：网络封装；

2、事件种类

#define EV_TIMEOUT	0x01	// 超时事件
#define EV_READ		0x02	// fd 可读事件
#define EV_WRITE	0x04	// fd 可写事件
#define EV_SIGNAL	0x08	// POSIX信号事件
#define EV_PERSIST	0x10	// 持久事件(激活时不会被自动移除,也就是可以连续监听)
#define EV_ET		0x20	// 边缘触发
#define EV_FINALIZE     0x40
#define EV_CLOSED	0x80	// 连接关闭事件
/**@}*/

3、事件集接口

1、初始化

struct event_base *
event_init(void)
{
	struct event_base *base = event_base_new_with_config(NULL);

	if (base == NULL) {
		event_errx(1, "%s: Unable to construct event_base", __func__);
		return NULL;
	}

	current_base = base;

	return (base);
}

struct event_base *
event_base_new(void)
{
	struct event_base *base = NULL;
	struct event_config *cfg = event_config_new();
	if (cfg) {
		base = event_base_new_with_config(cfg);
		event_config_free(cfg);
	}
	return base;
}

2、释放资源

void
event_base_free(struct event_base *base)
{
	event_base_free_(base, 1);
}

3、设置配置结构体

// 避免IO机制
int
event_config_avoid_method(struct event_config *cfg, const char *method)
{
	struct event_config_entry *entry = mm_malloc(sizeof(*entry));
	if (entry == NULL)
		return (-1);

	if ((entry->avoid_method = mm_strdup(method)) == NULL) {
		mm_free(entry);
		return (-1);
	}

	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cfg->entries, entry, next);

	return (0);
}

// 设置特性
int
event_config_require_features(struct event_config *cfg,
    int features)
{
	if (!cfg)
		return (-1);
	cfg->require_features = features;
	return (0);
}

// 设置标志位
int
event_config_set_flag(struct event_config *cfg, int flag)
{
	if (!cfg)
		return -1;
	cfg->flags |= flag;
	return 0;
}

4、检查event_base后端

// libevent 支持的方法名字数组
const char **
event_get_supported_methods(void)
{
	static const char **methods = NULL;
	const struct eventop **method;
	const char **tmp;
	int i = 0, k;

	/* count all methods */
	for (method = &eventops[0]; *method != NULL; ++method) {
		++i;
	}

	/* allocate one more than we need for the NULL pointer */
	tmp = mm_calloc((i + 1), sizeof(char *));
	if (tmp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	/* populate the array with the supported methods */
	for (k = 0, i = 0; eventops[k] != NULL; ++k) {
		tmp[i++] = eventops[k]->name;
	}
	tmp[i] = NULL;

	if (methods != NULL)
		mm_free((char**)methods);

	methods = tmp;

	return (methods);
}

// 返回正在使用的方法
const char *
event_base_get_method(const struct event_base *base)
{
	EVUTIL_ASSERT(base);
	return (base->evsel->name);
}

// 获取特征的比特掩码
int
event_base_get_features(const struct event_base *base)
{
	return base->evsel->features;
}

5、优先级配置

int
event_base_priority_init(struct event_base *base, int npriorities)
{
	int i, r;
	r = -1;

	EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);

	if (N_ACTIVE_CALLBACKS(base) || npriorities < 1
	    || npriorities >= EVENT_MAX_PRIORITIES)
		goto err;

	if (npriorities == base->nactivequeues)
		goto ok;

	if (base->nactivequeues) {
		mm_free(base->activequeues);
		base->nactivequeues = 0;
	}

	/* Allocate our priority queues */
	base->activequeues = (struct evcallback_list *)
	  mm_calloc(npriorities, sizeof(struct evcallback_list));
	if (base->activequeues == NULL) {
		event_warn("%s: calloc", __func__);
		goto err;
	}
	base->nactivequeues = npriorities;

	for (i = 0; i < base->nactivequeues; ++i) {
		TAILQ_INIT(&base->activequeues[i]);
	}

ok:
	r = 0;
err:
	EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
	return (r);
}

6、event_base和fork

/* reinitialize the event base after a fork */
int
event_reinit(struct event_base *base)
{
	const struct eventop *evsel;
	int res = 0;
	int was_notifiable = 0;
	int had_signal_added = 0;

	EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);

	evsel = base->evsel;

	/* check if this event mechanism requires reinit on the backend */
	if (evsel->need_reinit) {
		/* We're going to call event_del() on our notify events (the
		 * ones that tell about signals and wakeup events).  But we
		 * don't actually want to tell the backend to change its
		 * state, since it might still share some resource (a kqueue,
		 * an epoll fd) with the parent process, and we don't want to
		 * delete the fds from _that_ backend, we temporarily stub out
		 * the evsel with a replacement.
		 */
		base->evsel = &nil_eventop;
	}

	/* We need to re-create a new signal-notification fd and a new
	 * thread-notification fd.  Otherwise, we'll still share those with
	 * the parent process, which would make any notification sent to them
	 * get received by one or both of the event loops, more or less at
	 * random.
	 */
	if (base->sig.ev_signal_added) {
		event_del_nolock_(&base->sig.ev_signal, EVENT_DEL_AUTOBLOCK);
		event_debug_unassign(&base->sig.ev_signal);
		memset(&base->sig.ev_signal, 0, sizeof(base->sig.ev_signal));
		had_signal_added = 1;
		base->sig.ev_signal_added = 0;
	}
	if (base->sig.ev_signal_pair[0] != -1)
		EVUTIL_CLOSESOCKET(base->sig.ev_signal_pair[0]);
	if (base->sig.ev_signal_pair[1] != -1)
		EVUTIL_CLOSESOCKET(base->sig.ev_signal_pair[1]);
	if (base->th_notify_fn != NULL) {
		was_notifiable = 1;
		base->th_notify_fn = NULL;
	}
	if (base->th_notify_fd[0] != -1) {
		event_del_nolock_(&base->th_notify, EVENT_DEL_AUTOBLOCK);
		EVUTIL_CLOSESOCKET(base->th_notify_fd[0]);
		if (base->th_notify_fd[1] != -1)
			EVUTIL_CLOSESOCKET(base->th_notify_fd[1]);
		base->th_notify_fd[0] = -1;
		base->th_notify_fd[1] = -1;
		event_debug_unassign(&base->th_notify);
	}

	/* Replace the original evsel. */
        base->evsel = evsel;

	if (evsel->need_reinit) {
		/* Reconstruct the backend through brute-force, so that we do
		 * not share any structures with the parent process. For some
		 * backends, this is necessary: epoll and kqueue, for
		 * instance, have events associated with a kernel
		 * structure. If didn't reinitialize, we'd share that
		 * structure with the parent process, and any changes made by
		 * the parent would affect our backend's behavior (and vice
		 * versa).
		 */
		if (base->evsel->dealloc != NULL)
			base->evsel->dealloc(base);
		base->evbase = evsel->init(base);
		if (base->evbase == NULL) {
			event_errx(1,
			   "%s: could not reinitialize event mechanism",
			   __func__);
			res = -1;
			goto done;
		}

		/* Empty out the changelist (if any): we are starting from a
		 * blank slate. */
		event_changelist_freemem_(&base->changelist);

		/* Tell the event maps to re-inform the backend about all
		 * pending events. This will make the signal notification
		 * event get re-created if necessary. */
		if (evmap_reinit_(base) < 0)
			res = -1;
	} else {
		res = evsig_init_(base);
		if (res == 0 && had_signal_added) {
			res = event_add_nolock_(&base->sig.ev_signal, NULL, 0);
			if (res == 0)
				base->sig.ev_signal_added = 1;
		}
	}

	/* If we were notifiable before, and nothing just exploded, become
	 * notifiable again. */
	if (was_notifiable && res == 0)
		res = evthread_make_base_notifiable_nolock_(base);

done:
	EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
	return (res);
}

4、事件接口

1、初始化

// 分配和构造一个用于 base 的新的事件
struct event *
event_new(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void (*cb)(evutil_socket_t, short, void *), void *arg)
{
	struct event *ev;
	ev = mm_malloc(sizeof(struct event));
	if (ev == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	if (event_assign(ev, base, fd, events, cb, arg) < 0) {
		mm_free(ev);
		return (NULL);
	}

	return (ev);
}

// 信号事件
#define evsignal_new(b, x, cb, arg)		event_new((b), (x), EV_SIGNAL|EV_PERSIST, (cb), (arg))

2、释放事件

void
event_free(struct event *ev)
{
	/* This is disabled, so that events which have been finalized be a
	 * valid target for event_free(). That's */
	// event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);

	/* make sure that this event won't be coming back to haunt us. */
	event_del(ev);
	event_debug_note_teardown_(ev);
	mm_free(ev);

}

3、将事件添加到挂起事件集

int
event_add(struct event *ev, const struct timeval *tv)
{
	int res;

	if (EVUTIL_FAILURE_CHECK(!ev->ev_base)) {
		event_warnx("%s: event has no event_base set.", __func__);
		return -1;
	}

	EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(ev->ev_base, th_base_lock);

	res = event_add_nolock_(ev, tv, 0);

	EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(ev->ev_base, th_base_lock);

	return (res);
}

4、从监控事件集中删除事件

int
event_del(struct event *ev)
{
	return event_del_(ev, EVENT_DEL_AUTOBLOCK);
}

5、事件优先级

int
event_priority_set(struct event *ev, int pri)
{
	event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);

	if (ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_ACTIVE)
		return (-1);
	if (pri < 0 || pri >= ev->ev_base->nactivequeues)
		return (-1);

	ev->ev_pri = pri;

	return (0);
}

6、事件状态检查

// 确定给定的事件是否是未决的或者激活的
int
event_pending(const struct event *ev, short event, struct timeval *tv)
{
	int flags = 0;

	if (EVUTIL_FAILURE_CHECK(ev->ev_base == NULL)) {
		event_warnx("%s: event has no event_base set.", __func__);
		return 0;
	}

	EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(ev->ev_base, th_base_lock);
	event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);

	if (ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_INSERTED)
		flags |= (ev->ev_events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED|EV_SIGNAL));
	if (ev->ev_flags & (EVLIST_ACTIVE|EVLIST_ACTIVE_LATER))
		flags |= ev->ev_res;
	if (ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_TIMEOUT)
		flags |= EV_TIMEOUT;

	event &= (EV_TIMEOUT|EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED|EV_SIGNAL);

	/* See if there is a timeout that we should report */
	if (tv != NULL && (flags & event & EV_TIMEOUT)) {
		struct timeval tmp = ev->ev_timeout;
		tmp.tv_usec &= MICROSECONDS_MASK;
		/* correctly remamp to real time */
		evutil_timeradd(&ev->ev_base->tv_clock_diff, &tmp, tv);
	}

	EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(ev->ev_base, th_base_lock);

	return (flags & event);
}

// 返回信号值
#define event_get_signal(ev) ((int)event_get_fd(ev))

// 返回文件描述符
evutil_socket_t
event_get_fd(const struct event *ev)
{
	event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);
	return ev->ev_fd;
}

// 返回事件集
struct event_base *
event_get_base(const struct event *ev)
{
	event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);
	return ev->ev_base;
}

// 返回事件标志
short
event_get_events(const struct event *ev)
{
	event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);
	return ev->ev_events;
}

// 获取回调函数
event_callback_fn
event_get_callback(const struct event *ev)
{
	event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);
	return ev->ev_callback;
}

// 获取回调函数参数
void *
event_get_callback_arg(const struct event *ev)
{
	event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);
	return ev->ev_arg;
}

// 返回优先级
int
event_get_priority(const struct event *ev)
{
	event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);
	return ev->ev_pri;
}

7、一次触发事件

int
event_base_once(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, short events,
    void (*callback)(evutil_socket_t, short, void *),
    void *arg, const struct timeval *tv)
{
	struct event_once *eonce;
	int res = 0;
	int activate = 0;

	/* We cannot support signals that just fire once, or persistent
	 * events. */
	if (events & (EV_SIGNAL|EV_PERSIST))
		return (-1);

	if ((eonce = mm_calloc(1, sizeof(struct event_once))) == NULL)
		return (-1);

	eonce->cb = callback;
	eonce->arg = arg;

	if ((events & (EV_TIMEOUT|EV_SIGNAL|EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED)) == EV_TIMEOUT) {
		evtimer_assign(&eonce->ev, base, event_once_cb, eonce);

		if (tv == NULL || ! evutil_timerisset(tv)) {
			/* If the event is going to become active immediately,
			 * don't put it on the timeout queue.  This is one
			 * idiom for scheduling a callback, so let's make
			 * it fast (and order-preserving). */
			activate = 1;
		}
	} else if (events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED)) {
		events &= EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED;

		event_assign(&eonce->ev, base, fd, events, event_once_cb, eonce);
	} else {
		/* Bad event combination */
		mm_free(eonce);
		return (-1);
	}

	if (res == 0) {
		EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
		if (activate)
			event_active_nolock_(&eonce->ev, EV_TIMEOUT, 1);
		else
			res = event_add_nolock_(&eonce->ev, tv, 0);

		if (res != 0) {
			mm_free(eonce);
			return (res);
		} else {
			LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&base->once_events, eonce, next_once);
		}
		EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
	}

	return (0);
}

8、手动激活事件

void
event_active(struct event *ev, int res, short ncalls)
{
	if (EVUTIL_FAILURE_CHECK(!ev->ev_base)) {
		event_warnx("%s: event has no event_base set.", __func__);
		return;
	}

	EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(ev->ev_base, th_base_lock);

	event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);

	event_active_nolock_(ev, res, ncalls);

	EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(ev->ev_base, th_base_lock);
}

8、事件状态之间的转换

5、bufferevent接口

1、创建套接字

struct bufferevent *
bufferevent_socket_new(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd,
    int options)
{
	struct bufferevent_private *bufev_p;
	struct bufferevent *bufev;

#ifdef _WIN32
	if (base && event_base_get_iocp_(base))
		return bufferevent_async_new_(base, fd, options);
#endif

	if ((bufev_p = mm_calloc(1, sizeof(struct bufferevent_private)))== NULL)
		return NULL;

	if (bufferevent_init_common_(bufev_p, base, &bufferevent_ops_socket,
				    options) < 0) {
		mm_free(bufev_p);
		return NULL;
	}
	bufev = &bufev_p->bev;
	evbuffer_set_flags(bufev->output, EVBUFFER_FLAG_DRAINS_TO_FD);

	event_assign(&bufev->ev_read, bufev->ev_base, fd,
	    EV_READ|EV_PERSIST|EV_FINALIZE, bufferevent_readcb, bufev);
	event_assign(&bufev->ev_write, bufev->ev_base, fd,
	    EV_WRITE|EV_PERSIST|EV_FINALIZE, bufferevent_writecb, bufev);

	evbuffer_add_cb(bufev->output, bufferevent_socket_outbuf_cb, bufev);

	evbuffer_freeze(bufev->input, 0);
	evbuffer_freeze(bufev->output, 1);

	return bufev;
}

2、启动连接

int
bufferevent_socket_connect(struct bufferevent *bev,
    const struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen)
{
	struct bufferevent_private *bufev_p =
	    EVUTIL_UPCAST(bev, struct bufferevent_private, bev);

	evutil_socket_t fd;
	int r = 0;
	int result=-1;
	int ownfd = 0;

	bufferevent_incref_and_lock_(bev);

	if (!bufev_p)
		goto done;

	fd = bufferevent_getfd(bev);
	if (fd < 0) {
		if (!sa)
			goto done;
		fd = evutil_socket_(sa->sa_family,
		    SOCK_STREAM|EVUTIL_SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0);
		if (fd < 0)
			goto done;
		ownfd = 1;
	}
	if (sa) {
#ifdef _WIN32
		if (bufferevent_async_can_connect_(bev)) {
			bufferevent_setfd(bev, fd);
			r = bufferevent_async_connect_(bev, fd, sa, socklen);
			if (r < 0)
				goto freesock;
			bufev_p->connecting = 1;
			result = 0;
			goto done;
		} else
#endif
		r = evutil_socket_connect_(&fd, sa, socklen);
		if (r < 0)
			goto freesock;
	}
#ifdef _WIN32
	/* ConnectEx() isn't always around, even when IOCP is enabled.
	 * Here, we borrow the socket object's write handler to fall back
	 * on a non-blocking connect() when ConnectEx() is unavailable. */
	if (BEV_IS_ASYNC(bev)) {
		event_assign(&bev->ev_write, bev->ev_base, fd,
		    EV_WRITE|EV_PERSIST|EV_FINALIZE, bufferevent_writecb, bev);
	}
#endif
	bufferevent_setfd(bev, fd);
	if (r == 0) {
		if (! be_socket_enable(bev, EV_WRITE)) {
			bufev_p->connecting = 1;
			result = 0;
			goto done;
		}
	} else if (r == 1) {
		/* The connect succeeded already. How very BSD of it. */
		result = 0;
		bufev_p->connecting = 1;
		bufferevent_trigger_nolock_(bev, EV_WRITE, BEV_OPT_DEFER_CALLBACKS);
	} else {
		/* The connect failed already.  How very BSD of it. */
		result = 0;
		bufferevent_run_eventcb_(bev, BEV_EVENT_ERROR, BEV_OPT_DEFER_CALLBACKS);
		bufferevent_disable(bev, EV_WRITE|EV_READ);
	}

	goto done;

freesock:
	bufferevent_run_eventcb_(bev, BEV_EVENT_ERROR, 0);
	if (ownfd)
		evutil_closesocket(fd);
	/* do something about the error? */
done:
	bufferevent_decref_and_unlock_(bev);
	return result;
}

3、释放资源

void
bufferevent_free(struct bufferevent *bufev)
{
	BEV_LOCK(bufev);
	bufferevent_setcb(bufev, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
	bufferevent_cancel_all_(bufev);
	bufferevent_decref_and_unlock_(bufev);
}

4、回调函数操作

// 回调设置
void
bufferevent_setcb(struct bufferevent *bufev,
    bufferevent_data_cb readcb, bufferevent_data_cb writecb,
    bufferevent_event_cb eventcb, void *cbarg)
{
	BEV_LOCK(bufev);

	bufev->readcb = readcb;
	bufev->writecb = writecb;
	bufev->errorcb = eventcb;

	bufev->cbarg = cbarg;
	BEV_UNLOCK(bufev);
}

// 获取回调函数
void
bufferevent_getcb(struct bufferevent *bufev,
    bufferevent_data_cb *readcb_ptr,
    bufferevent_data_cb *writecb_ptr,
    bufferevent_event_cb *eventcb_ptr,
    void **cbarg_ptr)
{
	BEV_LOCK(bufev);
	if (readcb_ptr)
		*readcb_ptr = bufev->readcb;
	if (writecb_ptr)
		*writecb_ptr = bufev->writecb;
	if (eventcb_ptr)
		*eventcb_ptr = bufev->errorcb;
	if (cbarg_ptr)
		*cbarg_ptr = bufev->cbarg;

	BEV_UNLOCK(bufev);
}

5、启用

int
bufferevent_enable(struct bufferevent *bufev, short event)
{
	struct bufferevent_private *bufev_private =
	    EVUTIL_UPCAST(bufev, struct bufferevent_private, bev);
	short impl_events = event;
	int r = 0;

	bufferevent_incref_and_lock_(bufev);
	if (bufev_private->read_suspended)
		impl_events &= ~EV_READ;
	if (bufev_private->write_suspended)
		impl_events &= ~EV_WRITE;

	bufev->enabled |= event;

	if (impl_events && bufev->be_ops->enable(bufev, impl_events) < 0)
		r = -1;

	bufferevent_decref_and_unlock_(bufev);
	return r;
}

6、禁用

int
bufferevent_disable(struct bufferevent *bufev, short event)
{
	int r = 0;

	BEV_LOCK(bufev);
	bufev->enabled &= ~event;

	if (bufev->be_ops->disable(bufev, event) < 0)
		r = -1;

	BEV_UNLOCK(bufev);
	return r;
}

7、设置水位线

void
bufferevent_setwatermark(struct bufferevent *bufev, short events,
    size_t lowmark, size_t highmark)
{
	struct bufferevent_private *bufev_private =
	    EVUTIL_UPCAST(bufev, struct bufferevent_private, bev);

	BEV_LOCK(bufev);
	if (events & EV_WRITE) {
		bufev->wm_write.low = lowmark;
		bufev->wm_write.high = highmark;
	}

	if (events & EV_READ) {
		bufev->wm_read.low = lowmark;
		bufev->wm_read.high = highmark;

		if (highmark) {
			/* There is now a new high-water mark for read.
			   enable the callback if needed, and see if we should
			   suspend/bufferevent_wm_unsuspend. */

			if (bufev_private->read_watermarks_cb == NULL) {
				bufev_private->read_watermarks_cb =
				    evbuffer_add_cb(bufev->input,
						    bufferevent_inbuf_wm_cb,
						    bufev);
			}
			evbuffer_cb_set_flags(bufev->input,
				      bufev_private->read_watermarks_cb,
				      EVBUFFER_CB_ENABLED|EVBUFFER_CB_NODEFER);

			if (evbuffer_get_length(bufev->input) >= highmark)
				bufferevent_wm_suspend_read(bufev);
			else if (evbuffer_get_length(bufev->input) < highmark)
				bufferevent_wm_unsuspend_read(bufev);
		} else {
			/* There is now no high-water mark for read. */
			if (bufev_private->read_watermarks_cb)
				evbuffer_cb_clear_flags(bufev->input,
				    bufev_private->read_watermarks_cb,
				    EVBUFFER_CB_ENABLED);
			bufferevent_wm_unsuspend_read(bufev);
		}
	}
	BEV_UNLOCK(bufev);
}

7、获取输入缓存区

struct evbuffer *
bufferevent_get_input(struct bufferevent *bufev)
{
	return bufev->input;
}

8、获取输出缓存区

struct evbuffer *
bufferevent_get_output(struct bufferevent *bufev)
{
	return bufev->output;
}

9、向写缓存区写入数据

int
bufferevent_write(struct bufferevent *bufev, const void *data, size_t size)
{
	if (evbuffer_add(bufev->output, data, size) == -1)
		return (-1);

	return 0;
}

int
bufferevent_write_buffer(struct bufferevent *bufev, struct evbuffer *buf)
{
	if (evbuffer_add_buffer(bufev->output, buf) == -1)
		return (-1);

	return 0;
}

10、从读缓存区获取数据

size_t
bufferevent_read(struct bufferevent *bufev, void *data, size_t size)
{
	return (evbuffer_remove(bufev->input, data, size));
}

int
bufferevent_read_buffer(struct bufferevent *bufev, struct evbuffer *buf)
{
	return (evbuffer_add_buffer(buf, bufev->input));
}

11、清空缓存区

int
bufferevent_flush(struct bufferevent *bufev,
    short iotype,
    enum bufferevent_flush_mode mode)
{
	int r = -1;
	BEV_LOCK(bufev);
	if (bufev->be_ops->flush)
		r = bufev->be_ops->flush(bufev, iotype, mode);
	BEV_UNLOCK(bufev);
	return r;
}

6、evBuffer接口

1、创建

struct evbuffer *
evbuffer_new(void)
{
	struct evbuffer *buffer;

	buffer = mm_calloc(1, sizeof(struct evbuffer));
	if (buffer == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	LIST_INIT(&buffer->callbacks);
	buffer->refcnt = 1;
	buffer->last_with_datap = &buffer->first;

	return (buffer);
}

2、释放

void
evbuffer_free(struct evbuffer *buffer)
{
	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer);
	evbuffer_decref_and_unlock_(buffer);
}

3、锁操作

int
evbuffer_enable_locking(struct evbuffer *buf, void *lock)
{
#ifdef EVENT__DISABLE_THREAD_SUPPORT
	return -1;
#else
	if (buf->lock)
		return -1;

	if (!lock) {
		EVTHREAD_ALLOC_LOCK(lock, EVTHREAD_LOCKTYPE_RECURSIVE);
		if (!lock)
			return -1;
		buf->lock = lock;
		buf->own_lock = 1;
	} else {
		buf->lock = lock;
		buf->own_lock = 0;
	}

	return 0;
#endif
}

void
evbuffer_lock(struct evbuffer *buf)
{
	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf);
}

void
evbuffer_unlock(struct evbuffer *buf)
{
	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf);
}

4、获取缓存区数据长度

size_t
evbuffer_get_length(const struct evbuffer *buffer)
{
	size_t result;

	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer);

	result = (buffer->total_len);

	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer);

	return result;
}

5、向缓存区添加数据

int
evbuffer_add(struct evbuffer *buf, const void *data_in, size_t datlen)
{
	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, *tmp;
	const unsigned char *data = data_in;
	size_t remain, to_alloc;
	int result = -1;

	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf);

	if (buf->freeze_end) {
		goto done;
	}
	/* Prevent buf->total_len overflow */
	if (datlen > EV_SIZE_MAX - buf->total_len) {
		goto done;
	}

	if (*buf->last_with_datap == NULL) {
		chain = buf->last;
	} else {
		chain = *buf->last_with_datap;
	}

	/* If there are no chains allocated for this buffer, allocate one
	 * big enough to hold all the data. */
	if (chain == NULL) {
		chain = evbuffer_chain_new(datlen);
		if (!chain)
			goto done;
		evbuffer_chain_insert(buf, chain);
	}

	if ((chain->flags & EVBUFFER_IMMUTABLE) == 0) {
		/* Always true for mutable buffers */
		EVUTIL_ASSERT(chain->misalign >= 0 &&
		    (ev_uint64_t)chain->misalign <= EVBUFFER_CHAIN_MAX);
		remain = chain->buffer_len - (size_t)chain->misalign - chain->off;
		if (remain >= datlen) {
			/* there's enough space to hold all the data in the
			 * current last chain */
			memcpy(chain->buffer + chain->misalign + chain->off,
			    data, datlen);
			chain->off += datlen;
			buf->total_len += datlen;
			buf->n_add_for_cb += datlen;
			goto out;
		} else if (!CHAIN_PINNED(chain) &&
		    evbuffer_chain_should_realign(chain, datlen)) {
			/* we can fit the data into the misalignment */
			evbuffer_chain_align(chain);

			memcpy(chain->buffer + chain->off, data, datlen);
			chain->off += datlen;
			buf->total_len += datlen;
			buf->n_add_for_cb += datlen;
			goto out;
		}
	} else {
		/* we cannot write any data to the last chain */
		remain = 0;
	}

	/* we need to add another chain */
	to_alloc = chain->buffer_len;
	if (to_alloc <= EVBUFFER_CHAIN_MAX_AUTO_SIZE/2)
		to_alloc <<= 1;
	if (datlen > to_alloc)
		to_alloc = datlen;
	tmp = evbuffer_chain_new(to_alloc);
	if (tmp == NULL)
		goto done;

	if (remain) {
		memcpy(chain->buffer + chain->misalign + chain->off,
		    data, remain);
		chain->off += remain;
		buf->total_len += remain;
		buf->n_add_for_cb += remain;
	}

	data += remain;
	datlen -= remain;

	memcpy(tmp->buffer, data, datlen);
	tmp->off = datlen;
	evbuffer_chain_insert(buf, tmp);
	buf->n_add_for_cb += datlen;

out:
	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks_(buf);
	result = 0;
done:
	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf);
	return result;
}

int
evbuffer_add_printf(struct evbuffer *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	int res = -1;
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	res = evbuffer_add_vprintf(buf, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	return (res);
}

int
evbuffer_add_vprintf(struct evbuffer *buf, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
	char *buffer;
	size_t space;
	int sz, result = -1;
	va_list aq;
	struct evbuffer_chain *chain;


	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf);

	if (buf->freeze_end) {
		goto done;
	}

	/* make sure that at least some space is available */
	if ((chain = evbuffer_expand_singlechain(buf, 64)) == NULL)
		goto done;

	for (;;) {
#if 0
		size_t used = chain->misalign + chain->off;
		buffer = (char *)chain->buffer + chain->misalign + chain->off;
		EVUTIL_ASSERT(chain->buffer_len >= used);
		space = chain->buffer_len - used;
#endif
		buffer = (char*) CHAIN_SPACE_PTR(chain);
		space = (size_t) CHAIN_SPACE_LEN(chain);

#ifndef va_copy
#define	va_copy(dst, src)	memcpy(&(dst), &(src), sizeof(va_list))
#endif
		va_copy(aq, ap);

		sz = evutil_vsnprintf(buffer, space, fmt, aq);

		va_end(aq);

		if (sz < 0)
			goto done;
		if (INT_MAX >= EVBUFFER_CHAIN_MAX &&
		    (size_t)sz >= EVBUFFER_CHAIN_MAX)
			goto done;
		if ((size_t)sz < space) {
			chain->off += sz;
			buf->total_len += sz;
			buf->n_add_for_cb += sz;

			advance_last_with_data(buf);
			evbuffer_invoke_callbacks_(buf);
			result = sz;
			goto done;
		}
		if ((chain = evbuffer_expand_singlechain(buf, sz + 1)) == NULL)
			goto done;
	}
	/* NOTREACHED */

done:
	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf);
	return result;
}

int
evbuffer_expand(struct evbuffer *buf, size_t datlen)
{
	struct evbuffer_chain *chain;

	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf);
	chain = evbuffer_expand_singlechain(buf, datlen);
	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf);
	return chain ? 0 : -1;
}

6、移动数据

int
evbuffer_add_buffer(struct evbuffer *outbuf, struct evbuffer *inbuf)
{
	struct evbuffer_chain *pinned, *last;
	size_t in_total_len, out_total_len;
	int result = 0;

	EVBUFFER_LOCK2(inbuf, outbuf);
	in_total_len = inbuf->total_len;
	out_total_len = outbuf->total_len;

	if (in_total_len == 0 || outbuf == inbuf)
		goto done;

	if (outbuf->freeze_end || inbuf->freeze_start) {
		result = -1;
		goto done;
	}

	if (PRESERVE_PINNED(inbuf, &pinned, &last) < 0) {
		result = -1;
		goto done;
	}

	if (out_total_len == 0) {
		/* There might be an empty chain at the start of outbuf; free
		 * it. */
		evbuffer_free_all_chains(outbuf->first);
		COPY_CHAIN(outbuf, inbuf);
	} else {
		APPEND_CHAIN(outbuf, inbuf);
	}

	RESTORE_PINNED(inbuf, pinned, last);

	inbuf->n_del_for_cb += in_total_len;
	outbuf->n_add_for_cb += in_total_len;

	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks_(inbuf);
	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks_(outbuf);

done:
	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK2(inbuf, outbuf);
	return result;
}

int
evbuffer_remove_buffer(struct evbuffer *src, struct evbuffer *dst,
    size_t datlen)
{
	/*XXX We should have an option to force this to be zero-copy.*/

	/*XXX can fail badly on sendfile case. */
	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, *previous;
	size_t nread = 0;
	int result;

	EVBUFFER_LOCK2(src, dst);

	chain = previous = src->first;

	if (datlen == 0 || dst == src) {
		result = 0;
		goto done;
	}

	if (dst->freeze_end || src->freeze_start) {
		result = -1;
		goto done;
	}

	/* short-cut if there is no more data buffered */
	if (datlen >= src->total_len) {
		datlen = src->total_len;
		evbuffer_add_buffer(dst, src);
		result = (int)datlen; /*XXXX should return ev_ssize_t*/
		goto done;
	}

	/* removes chains if possible */
	while (chain->off <= datlen) {
		/* We can't remove the last with data from src unless we
		 * remove all chains, in which case we would have done the if
		 * block above */
		EVUTIL_ASSERT(chain != *src->last_with_datap);
		nread += chain->off;
		datlen -= chain->off;
		previous = chain;
		if (src->last_with_datap == &chain->next)
			src->last_with_datap = &src->first;
		chain = chain->next;
	}

	if (nread) {
		/* we can remove the chain */
		struct evbuffer_chain **chp;
		chp = evbuffer_free_trailing_empty_chains(dst);

		if (dst->first == NULL) {
			dst->first = src->first;
		} else {
			*chp = src->first;
		}
		dst->last = previous;
		previous->next = NULL;
		src->first = chain;
		advance_last_with_data(dst);

		dst->total_len += nread;
		dst->n_add_for_cb += nread;
	}

	/* we know that there is more data in the src buffer than
	 * we want to read, so we manually drain the chain */
	evbuffer_add(dst, chain->buffer + chain->misalign, datlen);
	chain->misalign += datlen;
	chain->off -= datlen;
	nread += datlen;

	/* You might think we would want to increment dst->n_add_for_cb
	 * here too.  But evbuffer_add above already took care of that.
	 */
	src->total_len -= nread;
	src->n_del_for_cb += nread;

	if (nread) {
		evbuffer_invoke_callbacks_(dst);
		evbuffer_invoke_callbacks_(src);
	}
	result = (int)nread;/*XXXX should change return type */

done:
	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK2(src, dst);
	return result;
}

7、evconnlistener接口

1、初始化

struct evconnlistener *
evconnlistener_new(struct event_base *base,
    evconnlistener_cb cb, void *ptr, unsigned flags, int backlog,
    evutil_socket_t fd)
{
	struct evconnlistener_event *lev;

#ifdef _WIN32
	if (base && event_base_get_iocp_(base)) {
		const struct win32_extension_fns *ext =
			event_get_win32_extension_fns_();
		if (ext->AcceptEx && ext->GetAcceptExSockaddrs)
			return evconnlistener_new_async(base, cb, ptr, flags,
				backlog, fd);
	}
#endif

	if (backlog > 0) {
		if (listen(fd, backlog) < 0)
			return NULL;
	} else if (backlog < 0) {
		if (listen(fd, 128) < 0)
			return NULL;
	}

	lev = mm_calloc(1, sizeof(struct evconnlistener_event));
	if (!lev)
		return NULL;

	lev->base.ops = &evconnlistener_event_ops;
	lev->base.cb = cb;
	lev->base.user_data = ptr;
	lev->base.flags = flags;
	lev->base.refcnt = 1;

	lev->base.accept4_flags = 0;
	if (!(flags & LEV_OPT_LEAVE_SOCKETS_BLOCKING))
		lev->base.accept4_flags |= EVUTIL_SOCK_NONBLOCK;
	if (flags & LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_EXEC)
		lev->base.accept4_flags |= EVUTIL_SOCK_CLOEXEC;

	if (flags & LEV_OPT_THREADSAFE) {
		EVTHREAD_ALLOC_LOCK(lev->base.lock, EVTHREAD_LOCKTYPE_RECURSIVE);
	}

	event_assign(&lev->listener, base, fd, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST,
	    listener_read_cb, lev);

	if (!(flags & LEV_OPT_DISABLED))
	    evconnlistener_enable(&lev->base);

	return &lev->base;
}

2、释放

void
evconnlistener_free(struct evconnlistener *lev)
{
	LOCK(lev);
	lev->cb = NULL;
	lev->errorcb = NULL;
	if (lev->ops->shutdown)
		lev->ops->shutdown(lev);
	listener_decref_and_unlock(lev);
}

3、监听

struct evconnlistener *
evconnlistener_new_bind(struct event_base *base, evconnlistener_cb cb,
    void *ptr, unsigned flags, int backlog, const struct sockaddr *sa,
    int socklen)
{
	struct evconnlistener *listener;
	evutil_socket_t fd;
	int on = 1;
	int family = sa ? sa->sa_family : AF_UNSPEC;
	int socktype = SOCK_STREAM | EVUTIL_SOCK_NONBLOCK;

	if (backlog == 0)
		return NULL;

	if (flags & LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_EXEC)
		socktype |= EVUTIL_SOCK_CLOEXEC;

	fd = evutil_socket_(family, socktype, 0);
	if (fd == -1)
		return NULL;

	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void*)&on, sizeof(on))<0)
		goto err;

	if (flags & LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE) {
		if (evutil_make_listen_socket_reuseable(fd) < 0)
			goto err;
	}

	if (flags & LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE_PORT) {
		if (evutil_make_listen_socket_reuseable_port(fd) < 0)
			goto err;
	}

	if (flags & LEV_OPT_DEFERRED_ACCEPT) {
		if (evutil_make_tcp_listen_socket_deferred(fd) < 0)
			goto err;
	}

	if (sa) {
		if (bind(fd, sa, socklen)<0)
			goto err;
	}

	listener = evconnlistener_new(base, cb, ptr, flags, backlog, fd);
	if (!listener)
		goto err;

	return listener;
err:
	evutil_closesocket(fd);
	return NULL;
}

4、启用

int
evconnlistener_enable(struct evconnlistener *lev)
{
	int r;
	LOCK(lev);
	lev->enabled = 1;
	if (lev->cb)
		r = lev->ops->enable(lev);
	else
		r = 0;
	UNLOCK(lev);
	return r;
}

5、禁用

int
evconnlistener_disable(struct evconnlistener *lev)
{
	int r;
	LOCK(lev);
	lev->enabled = 0;
	r = lev->ops->disable(lev);
	UNLOCK(lev);
	return r;
}

6、调整回调函数

void
evconnlistener_set_cb(struct evconnlistener *lev,
    evconnlistener_cb cb, void *arg)
{
	int enable = 0;
	LOCK(lev);
	if (lev->enabled && !lev->cb)
		enable = 1;
	lev->cb = cb;
	lev->user_data = arg;
	if (enable)
		evconnlistener_enable(lev);
	UNLOCK(lev);
}

8、常用设置

1、日志消息回调

void
event_set_log_callback(event_log_cb cb)
{
	log_fn = cb;
}

2、致命错误回调

void
event_set_fatal_callback(event_fatal_cb cb)
{
	fatal_fn = cb;
}

3、内存管理回调

void
event_set_mem_functions(void *(*malloc_fn)(size_t sz),
			void *(*realloc_fn)(void *ptr, size_t sz),
			void (*free_fn)(void *ptr))
{
	mm_malloc_fn_ = malloc_fn;
	mm_realloc_fn_ = realloc_fn;
	mm_free_fn_ = free_fn;
}

4、调试事件

void
event_enable_debug_mode(void)
{
#ifndef EVENT__DISABLE_DEBUG_MODE
	if (event_debug_mode_on_)
		event_errx(1, "%s was called twice!", __func__);
	if (event_debug_mode_too_late)
		event_errx(1, "%s must be called *before* creating any events "
		    "or event_bases",__func__);

	event_debug_mode_on_ = 1;

	HT_INIT(event_debug_map, &global_debug_map);
#endif
}

void
event_disable_debug_mode(void)
{
#ifndef EVENT__DISABLE_DEBUG_MODE
	struct event_debug_entry **ent, *victim;

	EVLOCK_LOCK(event_debug_map_lock_, 0);
	for (ent = HT_START(event_debug_map, &global_debug_map); ent; ) {
		victim = *ent;
		ent = HT_NEXT_RMV(event_debug_map, &global_debug_map, ent);
		mm_free(victim);
	}
	HT_CLEAR(event_debug_map, &global_debug_map);
	EVLOCK_UNLOCK(event_debug_map_lock_ , 0);

	event_debug_mode_on_  = 0;
#endif
}

void
event_debug_unassign(struct event *ev)
{
	event_debug_assert_not_added_(ev);
	event_debug_note_teardown_(ev);

	ev->ev_flags &= ~EVLIST_INIT;
}

四、libevent使用思路

1、参考

libevent 源码中提供hello-world.c例程。

2、服务器源码

/*
  This example program provides a trivial server program that listens for TCP
  connections on port 9995.  When they arrive, it writes a short message to
  each client connection, and closes each connection once it is flushed.

  Where possible, it exits cleanly in response to a SIGINT (ctrl-c).
*/


#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#ifndef _WIN32
#include <netinet/in.h>
# ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
#  include <arpa/inet.h>
# endif
#include <sys/socket.h>
#endif

#include <event2/bufferevent.h>
#include <event2/buffer.h>
#include <event2/listener.h>
#include <event2/util.h>
#include <event2/event.h>

static const char MESSAGE[] = "Hello, World!\n";

static const int PORT = 9995;

static void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *, evutil_socket_t,
    struct sockaddr *, int socklen, void *);
static void conn_writecb(struct bufferevent *, void *);
static void conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *, short, void *);
static void signal_cb(evutil_socket_t, short, void *);

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct event_base *base;
	struct evconnlistener *listener;
	struct event *signal_event;

	struct sockaddr_in sin;
#ifdef _WIN32
	WSADATA wsa_data;
	WSAStartup(0x0201, &wsa_data);
#endif

	// 分配事件
	base = event_base_new();
	if (!base) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize libevent!\n");
		return 1;
	}

	memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
	sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
	sin.sin_port = htons(PORT);

	// 监听客户端连接
	listener = evconnlistener_new_bind(base, listener_cb, (void *)base,
	    LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE|LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, -1,
	    (struct sockaddr*)&sin,
	    sizeof(sin));

	if (!listener) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not create a listener!\n");
		return 1;
	}

	// 设置信号事件(ctrl+c触发SIGINT事件)
	signal_event = evsignal_new(base, SIGINT, signal_cb, (void *)base);

	if (!signal_event || event_add(signal_event, NULL)<0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not create/add a signal event!\n");
		return 1;
	}

	// 循环监听事件
	event_base_dispatch(base);

	// 释放资源
	evconnlistener_free(listener);
	event_free(signal_event);
	event_base_free(base);

	printf("done\n");
	return 0;
}

// 客户端监听回调函数
static void
listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd,
    struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data)
{
	struct event_base *base = user_data;
	struct bufferevent *bev;

	// 分配一个带缓存的事件
	bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, fd, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
	if (!bev) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Error constructing bufferevent!");
		event_base_loopbreak(base);
		return;
	}
	// 设置回调函数写事件回调函数和错误事件回调函数
	bufferevent_setcb(bev, NULL, conn_writecb, conn_eventcb, NULL);
	// 开启写事件
	bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_WRITE);
	// 关闭读事件
	bufferevent_disable(bev, EV_READ);
	// 写数据
	bufferevent_write(bev, MESSAGE, strlen(MESSAGE));
}

// 写事件回调函数
static void
conn_writecb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *user_data)
{
	// 获取输出缓存
	struct evbuffer *output = bufferevent_get_output(bev);
	// 获取缓存中长度
	if (evbuffer_get_length(output) == 0) {
		printf("flushed answer\n");
		// 释放事件
		bufferevent_free(bev);
	}
}

// 错误事件回调函数
static void
conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *user_data)
{
	if (events & BEV_EVENT_EOF) {
		// 客户端关闭
		printf("Connection closed.\n");
	} else if (events & BEV_EVENT_ERROR) {
		// 不可恢复异常
		printf("Got an error on the connection: %s\n",
		    strerror(errno));/*XXX win32*/
	}
	/* None of the other events can happen here, since we haven't enabled
	 * timeouts */
	// 释放事件
	bufferevent_free(bev);
}

static void
signal_cb(evutil_socket_t sig, short events, void *user_data)
{
	struct event_base *base = user_data;
	struct timeval delay = { 2, 0 };

	printf("Caught an interrupt signal; exiting cleanly in two seconds.\n");

	// 退出事件循环
	event_base_loopexit(base, &delay);
}

3、makefile

lqServer: lqServer.c
	gcc lqServer.c -o lqServer -levent

.PHONY : clean 
clean:
	rm -rf lqServer