理解Swin Transformer（结合代码）

Orange_sparkle

已于 2022-09-16 19:00:14 修改

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文章标签： transformer 深度学习计算机视觉

于 2022-09-09 20:38:33 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Orange_sparkle/article/details/126771520

版权

1.整体结构

在这里插入图片描述

1）输入一张RGB彩色图片

2）经过PatchEmbed层得到shape=[H/4, W/4, embed_dim]的特征矩阵

3）通过循环设置的BasicLayer（Swin Transformer Block + Patch Merging）结构得到shape=[H/32, W/32, embed_dim*8]的提取出来的特征图

4）通过最后的head进行分类，head包括全局平均池化，输出shape=[B, C, 1]，再通过全连接层，输出维度为类别数，得到分类结果。

2.各部分结构

2.1 PatchEmbed

这一部分其实就是将图片分为一个个的patches，只不过ViT是直接下采样16倍，而swin transformer是先下采样4倍，然后再逐层下采样两倍。

1）首先判断输入的图片大小是否是patch_size的整数倍，如果不是则需要对图片进行padding。

2）通过卷积对图片进行下采样，输出特征矩阵shape=[B, HW, C]

class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    """
    这个模块是将输入的图片切成一个个的patch，然后再对每个patch中的像素映射为embed dim维。
    2D Image to Patch Embedding
    """
    def __init__(self, patch_size=4, in_c=3, embed_dim=96, norm_layer=None):
        super().__init__()
        patch_size = (patch_size, patch_size)
        self.patch_size = patch_size
        self.in_chans = in_c
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.proj = nn.Conv2d(in_c, embed_dim, kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size)
        self.norm = norm_layer(embed_dim) if norm_layer else nn.Identity()

    def forward(self, x):
        _, _, H, W = x.shape

        # padding
        # 如果输入图片的H，W不是patch_size的整数倍，需要进行padding
        pad_input = (H % self.patch_size[0] != 0) or (W % self.patch_size[1] != 0)
        if pad_input:
            # to pad the last 3 dimensions,
            # (W_left, W_right, H_top,H_bottom, C_front, C_back)
            # 在宽度方向的右侧padding，高度方向的底部padding
            x = F.pad(x, (0, self.patch_size[1] - W % self.patch_size[1],
                          0, self.patch_size[0] - H % self.patch_size[0],
                          0, 0))

        # 下采样patch_size倍
        x = self.proj(x)
        _, _, H, W = x.shape
        # flatten: [B, C, H, W] -> [B, C, HW]
        # transpose: [B, C, HW] -> [B, HW, C]
        x = x.flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)
        x = self.norm(x)
        return x, H, W

2.2 BasicLayer（Swin Transformer Block + Patch Merging）

注意：这里每一个BasicLayer包含的是下一个stage的Patch Merging。

1)因为每个swin transformer block中都含有SW-MSA模块，所以需要先得到attention mask

2）根据输入的数据搭建多个swin transformer block，swin transformer block模块的输入为特征矩阵和attention_mask。

3）通过patch_merging进行下采样，高和宽变为之前的一半，通道数翻倍。

2.2.1 create_mask

    def create_mask(self, x, H, W):
        # calculate attention mask for SW-MSA
        # 保证Hp和Wp是window_size的整数倍
        Hp = int(np.ceil(H / self.window_size)) * self.window_size
        Wp = int(np.ceil(W / self.window_size)) * self.window_size
        # 拥有和feature map一样的通道排列顺序，方便后续window_partition
        # 对于切好的windows进行shift，然后重新按照window size切，单个window若其中全是连续的，则直接计算MSA
        # 若有不连续的，则需要mask了
        img_mask = torch.zeros((1, Hp, Wp, 1), device=x.device)  # [1, Hp, Wp, 1]
        h_slices = (slice(0, -self.window_size),
                    slice(-self.window_size, -self.shift_size),
                    slice(-self.shift_size, None))
        w_slices = (slice(0, -self.window_size),
                    slice(-self.window_size, -self.shift_size),
                    slice(-self.shift_size, None))
        cnt = 0
        for h in h_slices:
            for w in w_slices:
                img_mask[:, h, w, :] = cnt
                cnt += 1

        mask_windows = window_partition(img_mask, self.window_size)  # [nW, Mh, Mw, 1]
        mask_windows = mask_windows.view(-1, self.window_size * self.window_size)  # [nW, Mh*Mw]
        # 通过相减的广播机制来进行扩充，[nW, 1, Mh*Mw]会将最后一个维度的数据复制Mh*Mw次得到[nW, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        attn_mask = mask_windows.unsqueeze(1) - mask_windows.unsqueeze(2)  # [nW, 1, Mh*Mw] - [nW, Mh*Mw, 1]
        # [nW, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        # 相减之后对于不等于0的区域写入-100，等于0的区域就是0
        # 这样就得到了该window进行attention时的mask了
        attn_mask = attn_mask.masked_fill(attn_mask != 0, float(-100.0)).masked_fill(attn_mask == 0, float(0.0))
        return attn_mask

1)因为W-MSA和SW-MSA都需要将特征矩阵划分为windows的形式，所以需要输入的矩阵是window_size的整数倍，输入进SwinTransformerBlock中的矩阵都是padding过的，所以在这要创建一个形状相同的img_mask，将矩阵按照shift之后的windows划分，img_mask中数字相同的位置为连续的。

下图为H=W=9，window_size=3时，shift之后的window_mask

2)通过window_partition将img_mask划为一个个不重叠的windows，输出的shape=[B*num_windows, Mh, Mw, C]

3）通过张量相减的广播机制，相减之后等于0的地方置0，不等于0的地方写入-100，这样的话计算attention时与mask相加之后，不连续的地方-100，softmax之后就可以看做是0了。

这步就得到了attn_mask了。

2.2.2.1 window_partition

将feature map按照window_size划分成一个个没有重叠的window

def window_partition(x, window_size: int):
    """
    将feature map按照window_size划分成一个个没有重叠的window
    Args:
        x: (B, H, W, C)
        window_size (int): window size(M)

    Returns:
        windows: (num_windows*B, window_size, window_size, C)
    """
    B, H, W, C = x.shape
    x = x.view(B, H // window_size, window_size, W // window_size, window_size, C)
    # permute: [B, H//Mh, Mh, W//Mw, Mw, C] -> [B, H//Mh, W//Mh, Mw, Mw, C]
    # view: [B, H//Mh, W//Mw, Mh, Mw, C] -> [B*num_windows, Mh, Mw, C]
    windows = x.permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous().view(-1, window_size, window_size, C)
    return windows

2.2.2 SwinTransformerBlock

SwinTransformerBlock的输入为feature map和前面得到的attention mask。

1）先把feature map给pad到window size的整数倍，然后shift移位，shift_size=window_size // 2。W-MSA不用进行shift，只有SW-MSA需要。

2）shift_window后再通过window_partition进行切片。

3）然后对每个windows计算attention，再通过window_reverse从切片还原为feature map，再移位回去，然后再去掉pad。

2.2.2.1 WindowAttention

实现W-MSA全部功能和SW-MSA的部分功能。因为在SwinTransformerBlock中传入WindowAttention模块中的参数已经是shift过后的，所以这个WindowAttention模块实际上就是实现W-MSA功能的模块。

其中大部分内容和ViT中的MSA差不多，但是多了一个relative_position_bias，每个head上的relative_position_bias是不一样的。

$Attention(Q_{i},K_{i},V_{i}) = softmax(\frac{Q_{i}K_{i}^{T}}{\sqrt{d_{k}}}+B)V_{i}$

1）通过全连接层计算输入的每个window中的q, k, v向量。

2）q向量与scale相乘，结果再与k向量相乘（这里与ViT中不太一样，ViT是先q*k再与scale相乘）

3）加上相对位置偏移

4）对是否有mask进行判断，W-MSA没有mask，SW-MSA有。若包含mask，则将attention与mask相加，然后进行softmax。若不包含mask则直接进行softmax。

5）结果与v向量相乘

6）与通过全连接实现的Wo融合矩阵相乘，得到最后的结果。

class WindowAttention(nn.Module):
    r""" Window based multi-head self attention (W-MSA) module with relative position bias.
    It supports both of shifted and non-shifted window.

    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        window_size (tuple[int]): The height and width of the window.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
        qkv_bias (bool, optional):  If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value. Default: True
        attn_drop (float, optional): Dropout ratio of attention weight. Default: 0.0
        proj_drop (float, optional): Dropout ratio of output. Default: 0.0
    """

    def __init__(self, dim, window_size, num_heads, qkv_bias=True, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0.):

        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.window_size = window_size  # [Mh, Mw]
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        self.scale = head_dim ** -0.5

        # define a parameter table of relative position bias
        self.relative_position_bias_table = nn.Parameter(
            torch.zeros((2 * window_size[0] - 1) * (2 * window_size[1] - 1), num_heads))  # [2*Mh-1 * 2*Mw-1, nH]

        # get pair-wise relative position index for each token inside the window
        coords_h = torch.arange(self.window_size[0])
        coords_w = torch.arange(self.window_size[1])
        coords = torch.stack(torch.meshgrid([coords_h, coords_w], indexing="ij"))  # [2, Mh, Mw]
        coords_flatten = torch.flatten(coords, 1)  # [2, Mh*Mw]
        # [2, Mh*Mw, 1] - [2, 1, Mh*Mw]
        relative_coords = coords_flatten[:, :, None] - coords_flatten[:, None, :]  # [2, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        relative_coords = relative_coords.permute(1, 2, 0).contiguous()  # [Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw, 2]
        relative_coords[:, :, 0] += self.window_size[0] - 1  # shift to start from 0
        relative_coords[:, :, 1] += self.window_size[1] - 1
        relative_coords[:, :, 0] *= 2 * self.window_size[1] - 1
        relative_position_index = relative_coords.sum(-1)  # [Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        self.register_buffer("relative_position_index", relative_position_index)

        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop)

        nn.init.trunc_normal_(self.relative_position_bias_table, std=.02)
        self.softmax = nn.Softmax(dim=-1)

    def forward(self, x, mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None):
        """
        Args:
            x: input features with shape of (num_windows*B, Mh*Mw, C)
            mask: (0/-inf) mask with shape of (num_windows, Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww) or None
        """
        # [batch_size*num_windows, Mh*Mw, total_embed_dim]
        B_, N, C = x.shape
        # qkv(): -> [batch_size*num_windows, Mh*Mw, 3 * total_embed_dim]
        # reshape: -> [batch_size*num_windows, Mh*Mw, 3, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head]
        # permute: -> [3, batch_size*num_windows, num_heads, Mh*Mw, embed_dim_per_head]
        qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B_, N, 3, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        # [batch_size*num_windows, num_heads, Mh*Mw, embed_dim_per_head]
        q, k, v = qkv.unbind(0)  # make torchscript happy (cannot use tensor as tuple)

        # transpose: -> [batch_size*num_windows, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head, Mh*Mw]
        # @: multiply -> [batch_size*num_windows, num_heads, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        q = q * self.scale
        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1))

        # relative_position_bias_table.view: [Mh*Mw*Mh*Mw,nH] -> [Mh*Mw,Mh*Mw,nH]
        relative_position_bias = self.relative_position_bias_table[self.relative_position_index.view(-1)].view(
            self.window_size[0] * self.window_size[1], self.window_size[0] * self.window_size[1], -1)
        relative_position_bias = relative_position_bias.permute(2, 0, 1).contiguous()  # [nH, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        attn = attn + relative_position_bias.unsqueeze(0)

        if mask is not None:
            # mask: [nW, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
            nW = mask.shape[0]  # num_windows
            # attn.view: [batch_size, num_windows, num_heads, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
            # mask.unsqueeze: [1, nW, 1, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
            attn = attn.view(B_ // nW, nW, self.num_heads, N, N) + mask.unsqueeze(1).unsqueeze(0)
            attn = attn.view(-1, self.num_heads, N, N)
            attn = self.softmax(attn)
        else:
            attn = self.softmax(attn)

        attn = self.attn_drop(attn)

        # @: multiply -> [batch_size*num_windows, num_heads, Mh*Mw, embed_dim_per_head]
        # transpose: -> [batch_size*num_windows, Mh*Mw, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head]
        # reshape: -> [batch_size*num_windows, Mh*Mw, total_embed_dim]
        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B_, N, C)
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = self.proj_drop(x)
        return x

2.2.3.2 Mlp

就是一个普通的全连接层

2.2.3 PatchMerging

就是实现特征矩阵的宽高减半，通道数翻倍的操作

在这里插入图片描述

class PatchMerging(nn.Module):
    r""" Patch Merging Layer.

    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        norm_layer (nn.Module, optional): Normalization layer.  Default: nn.LayerNorm
    """

    def __init__(self, dim, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.reduction = nn.Linear(4 * dim, 2 * dim, bias=False)
        self.norm = norm_layer(4 * dim)

    def forward(self, x, H, W):
        """
        x: B, H*W, C
        """
        B, L, C = x.shape
        assert L == H * W, "input feature has wrong size"

        x = x.view(B, H, W, C)

        # padding
        # 因为宽和高需要降为原来的一半，所以宽高需要是二的整数倍
        # 如果输入feature map的H，W不是2的整数倍，需要进行padding
        pad_input = (H % 2 == 1) or (W % 2 == 1)
        if pad_input:
            # to pad the last 3 dimensions, starting from the last dimension and moving forward.
            # 只pad最后三个维度H,W,C，并且F.pad函数是倒着来的，头两个参数（0,0）代表Channel维度...
            # (C_front, C_back, W_left, W_right, H_top, H_bottom)
            # 注意这里的Tensor通道是[B, H, W, C]，所以会和官方文档有些不同
            x = F.pad(x, (0, 0, 0, W % 2, 0, H % 2))

        x0 = x[:, 0::2, 0::2, :]  # [B, H/2, W/2, C]
        x1 = x[:, 1::2, 0::2, :]  # [B, H/2, W/2, C]
        x2 = x[:, 0::2, 1::2, :]  # [B, H/2, W/2, C]
        x3 = x[:, 1::2, 1::2, :]  # [B, H/2, W/2, C]
        x = torch.cat([x0, x1, x2, x3], -1)  # [B, H/2, W/2, 4*C]
        x = x.view(B, -1, 4 * C)  # [B, H/2*W/2, 4*C]

        x = self.norm(x)
        x = self.reduction(x)  # [B, H/2*W/2, 2*C]

        return x

3.全部代码

""" Swin Transformer
A PyTorch impl of : `Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windows`
    - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.14030

Code/weights from https://github.com/microsoft/Swin-Transformer

"""

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.utils.checkpoint as checkpoint
import numpy as np
from typing import Optional


def drop_path_f(x, drop_prob: float = 0., training: bool = False):
    """Drop paths (Stochastic Depth) per sample (when applied in main path of residual blocks).

    This is the same as the DropConnect impl I created for EfficientNet, etc networks, however,
    the original name is misleading as 'Drop Connect' is a different form of dropout in a separate paper...
    See discussion: https://github.com/tensorflow/tpu/issues/494#issuecomment-532968956 ... I've opted for
    changing the layer and argument names to 'drop path' rather than mix DropConnect as a layer name and use
    'survival rate' as the argument.

    """
    if drop_prob == 0. or not training:
        return x
    keep_prob = 1 - drop_prob
    shape = (x.shape[0],) + (1,) * (x.ndim - 1)  # work with diff dim tensors, not just 2D ConvNets
    random_tensor = keep_prob + torch.rand(shape, dtype=x.dtype, device=x.device)
    random_tensor.floor_()  # binarize
    output = x.div(keep_prob) * random_tensor
    return output


class DropPath(nn.Module):
    """Drop paths (Stochastic Depth) per sample  (when applied in main path of residual blocks).
    """
    def __init__(self, drop_prob=None):
        super(DropPath, self).__init__()
        self.drop_prob = drop_prob

    def forward(self, x):
        return drop_path_f(x, self.drop_prob, self.training)


def window_partition(x, window_size: int):
    """
    将feature map按照window_size划分成一个个没有重叠的window
    Args:
        x: (B, H, W, C)
        window_size (int): window size(M)

    Returns:
        windows: (num_windows*B, window_size, window_size, C)
    """
    B, H, W, C = x.shape
    x = x.view(B, H // window_size, window_size, W // window_size, window_size, C)
    # permute: [B, H//Mh, Mh, W//Mw, Mw, C] -> [B, H//Mh, W//Mh, Mw, Mw, C]
    # view: [B, H//Mh, W//Mw, Mh, Mw, C] -> [B*num_windows, Mh, Mw, C]
    windows = x.permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous().view(-1, window_size, window_size, C)
    return windows


def window_reverse(windows, window_size: int, H: int, W: int):
    """
    将一个个window还原成一个feature map
    Args:
        windows: (num_windows*B, window_size, window_size, C)
        window_size (int): Window size(M)
        H (int): Height of image
        W (int): Width of image

    Returns:
        x: (B, H, W, C)
    """
    B = int(windows.shape[0] / (H * W / window_size / window_size))
    # view: [B*num_windows, Mh, Mw, C] -> [B, H//Mh, W//Mw, Mh, Mw, C]
    x = windows.view(B, H // window_size, W // window_size, window_size, window_size, -1)
    # permute: [B, H//Mh, W//Mw, Mh, Mw, C] -> [B, H//Mh, Mh, W//Mw, Mw, C]
    # view: [B, H//Mh, Mh, W//Mw, Mw, C] -> [B, H, W, C]
    x = x.permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous().view(B, H, W, -1)
    return x


class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    """
    这个模块是将输入的图片切成一个个的patch，然后再对每个patch中的像素映射为embed dim维。
    2D Image to Patch Embedding
    """
    def __init__(self, patch_size=4, in_c=3, embed_dim=96, norm_layer=None):
        super().__init__()
        patch_size = (patch_size, patch_size)
        self.patch_size = patch_size
        self.in_chans = in_c
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.proj = nn.Conv2d(in_c, embed_dim, kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size)
        self.norm = norm_layer(embed_dim) if norm_layer else nn.Identity()

    def forward(self, x):
        _, _, H, W = x.shape

        # padding
        # 如果输入图片的H，W不是patch_size的整数倍，需要进行padding
        pad_input = (H % self.patch_size[0] != 0) or (W % self.patch_size[1] != 0)
        if pad_input:
            # to pad the last 3 dimensions,
            # (W_left, W_right, H_top,H_bottom, C_front, C_back)
            # 在宽度方向的右侧padding，高度方向的底部padding
            x = F.pad(x, (0, self.patch_size[1] - W % self.patch_size[1],
                          0, self.patch_size[0] - H % self.patch_size[0],
                          0, 0))

        # 下采样patch_size倍
        x = self.proj(x)
        _, _, H, W = x.shape
        # flatten: [B, C, H, W] -> [B, C, HW]
        # transpose: [B, C, HW] -> [B, HW, C]
        x = x.flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)
        x = self.norm(x)
        return x, H, W


class PatchMerging(nn.Module):
    r""" Patch Merging Layer.

    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        norm_layer (nn.Module, optional): Normalization layer.  Default: nn.LayerNorm
    """

    def __init__(self, dim, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.reduction = nn.Linear(4 * dim, 2 * dim, bias=False)
        self.norm = norm_layer(4 * dim)

    def forward(self, x, H, W):
        """
        x: B, H*W, C
        """
        B, L, C = x.shape
        assert L == H * W, "input feature has wrong size"

        x = x.view(B, H, W, C)

        # padding
        # 因为宽和高需要降为原来的一半，所以宽高需要是二的整数倍
        # 如果输入feature map的H，W不是2的整数倍，需要进行padding
        pad_input = (H % 2 == 1) or (W % 2 == 1)
        if pad_input:
            # to pad the last 3 dimensions, starting from the last dimension and moving forward.
            # 只pad最后三个维度H,W,C，并且F.pad函数是倒着来的，头两个参数（0,0）代表Channel维度...
            # (C_front, C_back, W_left, W_right, H_top, H_bottom)
            # 注意这里的Tensor通道是[B, H, W, C]，所以会和官方文档有些不同
            x = F.pad(x, (0, 0, 0, W % 2, 0, H % 2))

        x0 = x[:, 0::2, 0::2, :]  # [B, H/2, W/2, C]
        x1 = x[:, 1::2, 0::2, :]  # [B, H/2, W/2, C]
        x2 = x[:, 0::2, 1::2, :]  # [B, H/2, W/2, C]
        x3 = x[:, 1::2, 1::2, :]  # [B, H/2, W/2, C]
        x = torch.cat([x0, x1, x2, x3], -1)  # [B, H/2, W/2, 4*C]
        x = x.view(B, -1, 4 * C)  # [B, H/2*W/2, 4*C]

        x = self.norm(x)
        x = self.reduction(x)  # [B, H/2*W/2, 2*C]

        return x


class Mlp(nn.Module):
    """ MLP as used in Vision Transformer, MLP-Mixer and related networks
    """
    def __init__(self, in_features, hidden_features=None, out_features=None, act_layer=nn.GELU, drop=0.):
        super().__init__()
        out_features = out_features or in_features
        hidden_features = hidden_features or in_features

        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(in_features, hidden_features)
        self.act = act_layer()
        self.drop1 = nn.Dropout(drop)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(hidden_features, out_features)
        self.drop2 = nn.Dropout(drop)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = self.act(x)
        x = self.drop1(x)
        x = self.fc2(x)
        x = self.drop2(x)
        return x


class WindowAttention(nn.Module):
    r""" Window based multi-head self attention (W-MSA) module with relative position bias.
    It supports both of shifted and non-shifted window.

    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        window_size (tuple[int]): The height and width of the window.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
        qkv_bias (bool, optional):  If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value. Default: True
        attn_drop (float, optional): Dropout ratio of attention weight. Default: 0.0
        proj_drop (float, optional): Dropout ratio of output. Default: 0.0
    """

    def __init__(self, dim, window_size, num_heads, qkv_bias=True, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0.):

        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.window_size = window_size  # [Mh, Mw]
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        self.scale = head_dim ** -0.5

        # define a parameter table of relative position bias
        self.relative_position_bias_table = nn.Parameter(
            torch.zeros((2 * window_size[0] - 1) * (2 * window_size[1] - 1), num_heads))  # [2*Mh-1 * 2*Mw-1, nH]

        # get pair-wise relative position index for each token inside the window
        coords_h = torch.arange(self.window_size[0])
        coords_w = torch.arange(self.window_size[1])
        coords = torch.stack(torch.meshgrid([coords_h, coords_w], indexing="ij"))  # [2, Mh, Mw]
        coords_flatten = torch.flatten(coords, 1)  # [2, Mh*Mw]
        # [2, Mh*Mw, 1] - [2, 1, Mh*Mw]
        relative_coords = coords_flatten[:, :, None] - coords_flatten[:, None, :]  # [2, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        relative_coords = relative_coords.permute(1, 2, 0).contiguous()  # [Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw, 2]
        relative_coords[:, :, 0] += self.window_size[0] - 1  # shift to start from 0
        relative_coords[:, :, 1] += self.window_size[1] - 1
        relative_coords[:, :, 0] *= 2 * self.window_size[1] - 1
        relative_position_index = relative_coords.sum(-1)  # [Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        self.register_buffer("relative_position_index", relative_position_index)

        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop)

        nn.init.trunc_normal_(self.relative_position_bias_table, std=.02)
        self.softmax = nn.Softmax(dim=-1)

    def forward(self, x, mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None):
        """
        Args:
            x: input features with shape of (num_windows*B, Mh*Mw, C)
            mask: (0/-inf) mask with shape of (num_windows, Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww) or None
        """
        # [batch_size*num_windows, Mh*Mw, total_embed_dim]
        B_, N, C = x.shape
        # qkv(): -> [batch_size*num_windows, Mh*Mw, 3 * total_embed_dim]
        # reshape: -> [batch_size*num_windows, Mh*Mw, 3, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head]
        # permute: -> [3, batch_size*num_windows, num_heads, Mh*Mw, embed_dim_per_head]
        qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B_, N, 3, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        # [batch_size*num_windows, num_heads, Mh*Mw, embed_dim_per_head]
        q, k, v = qkv.unbind(0)  # make torchscript happy (cannot use tensor as tuple)

        # transpose: -> [batch_size*num_windows, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head, Mh*Mw]
        # @: multiply -> [batch_size*num_windows, num_heads, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        q = q * self.scale
        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1))

        # relative_position_bias_table.view: [Mh*Mw*Mh*Mw,nH] -> [Mh*Mw,Mh*Mw,nH]
        relative_position_bias = self.relative_position_bias_table[self.relative_position_index.view(-1)].view(
            self.window_size[0] * self.window_size[1], self.window_size[0] * self.window_size[1], -1)
        relative_position_bias = relative_position_bias.permute(2, 0, 1).contiguous()  # [nH, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        attn = attn + relative_position_bias.unsqueeze(0)

        if mask is not None:
            # mask: [nW, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
            nW = mask.shape[0]  # num_windows
            # attn.view: [batch_size, num_windows, num_heads, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
            # mask.unsqueeze: [1, nW, 1, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
            attn = attn.view(B_ // nW, nW, self.num_heads, N, N) + mask.unsqueeze(1).unsqueeze(0)
            attn = attn.view(-1, self.num_heads, N, N)
            attn = self.softmax(attn)
        else:
            attn = self.softmax(attn)

        attn = self.attn_drop(attn)

        # @: multiply -> [batch_size*num_windows, num_heads, Mh*Mw, embed_dim_per_head]
        # transpose: -> [batch_size*num_windows, Mh*Mw, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head]
        # reshape: -> [batch_size*num_windows, Mh*Mw, total_embed_dim]
        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B_, N, C)
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = self.proj_drop(x)
        return x


class SwinTransformerBlock(nn.Module):
    r""" Swin Transformer Block.

    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
        window_size (int): Window size.
        shift_size (int): Shift size for SW-MSA.
        mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.
        qkv_bias (bool, optional): If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value. Default: True
        drop (float, optional): Dropout rate. Default: 0.0
        attn_drop (float, optional): Attention dropout rate. Default: 0.0
        drop_path (float, optional): Stochastic depth rate. Default: 0.0
        act_layer (nn.Module, optional): Activation layer. Default: nn.GELU
        norm_layer (nn.Module, optional): Normalization layer.  Default: nn.LayerNorm
    """

    def __init__(self, dim, num_heads, window_size=7, shift_size=0,
                 mlp_ratio=4., qkv_bias=True, drop=0., attn_drop=0., drop_path=0.,
                 act_layer=nn.GELU, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.window_size = window_size
        self.shift_size = shift_size
        self.mlp_ratio = mlp_ratio
        # shift_size=0时是W-MSA
        assert 0 <= self.shift_size < self.window_size, "shift_size must in 0-window_size"

        self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim)
        # W-MSA或SW-MSA模块
        self.attn = WindowAttention(
            dim, window_size=(self.window_size, self.window_size), num_heads=num_heads, qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
            attn_drop=attn_drop, proj_drop=drop)

        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path) if drop_path > 0. else nn.Identity()
        self.norm2 = norm_layer(dim)
        mlp_hidden_dim = int(dim * mlp_ratio)
        self.mlp = Mlp(in_features=dim, hidden_features=mlp_hidden_dim, act_layer=act_layer, drop=drop)

    def forward(self, x, attn_mask):
        H, W = self.H, self.W
        B, L, C = x.shape
        assert L == H * W, "input feature has wrong size"

        shortcut = x
        x = self.norm1(x)
        x = x.view(B, H, W, C)

        # pad feature maps to multiples of window size
        # 把feature map给pad到window size的整数倍
        pad_l = pad_t = 0
        pad_r = (self.window_size - W % self.window_size) % self.window_size
        pad_b = (self.window_size - H % self.window_size) % self.window_size
        x = F.pad(x, (0, 0, pad_l, pad_r, pad_t, pad_b))
        _, Hp, Wp, _ = x.shape

        # cyclic shift
        if self.shift_size > 0:
            shifted_x = torch.roll(x, shifts=(-self.shift_size, -self.shift_size), dims=(1, 2))
        else:
            shifted_x = x
            attn_mask = None

        # partition windows
        x_windows = window_partition(shifted_x, self.window_size)  # [nW*B, Mh, Mw, C]
        x_windows = x_windows.view(-1, self.window_size * self.window_size, C)  # [nW*B, Mh*Mw, C]

        # W-MSA/SW-MSA
        attn_windows = self.attn(x_windows, mask=attn_mask)  # [nW*B, Mh*Mw, C]

        # merge windows
        attn_windows = attn_windows.view(-1, self.window_size, self.window_size, C)  # [nW*B, Mh, Mw, C]
        shifted_x = window_reverse(attn_windows, self.window_size, Hp, Wp)  # [B, H', W', C]

        # reverse cyclic shift
        if self.shift_size > 0:
            x = torch.roll(shifted_x, shifts=(self.shift_size, self.shift_size), dims=(1, 2))
        else:
            x = shifted_x

        if pad_r > 0 or pad_b > 0:
            # 把前面pad的数据移除掉
            x = x[:, :H, :W, :].contiguous()

        x = x.view(B, H * W, C)

        # FFN
        x = shortcut + self.drop_path(x)
        x = x + self.drop_path(self.mlp(self.norm2(x)))

        return x


class BasicLayer(nn.Module):
    """
    A basic Swin Transformer layer for one stage.

    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        depth (int): Number of blocks.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
        window_size (int): Local window size.
        mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.
        qkv_bias (bool, optional): If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value. Default: True
        drop (float, optional): Dropout rate. Default: 0.0
        attn_drop (float, optional): Attention dropout rate. Default: 0.0
        drop_path (float | tuple[float], optional): Stochastic depth rate. Default: 0.0
        norm_layer (nn.Module, optional): Normalization layer. Default: nn.LayerNorm
        downsample (nn.Module | None, optional): Downsample layer at the end of the layer. Default: None
        use_checkpoint (bool): Whether to use checkpointing to save memory. Default: False.
    """

    def __init__(self, dim, depth, num_heads, window_size,
                 mlp_ratio=4., qkv_bias=True, drop=0., attn_drop=0.,
                 drop_path=0., norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm, downsample=None, use_checkpoint=False):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.depth = depth
        self.window_size = window_size
        self.use_checkpoint = use_checkpoint
        # 在使用SW-MSA时，窗口需要向右向下平移多少个像素，一般是窗口大小window_size除以2（向下取整）
        self.shift_size = window_size // 2

        # build blocks = Swin Transformer Block成对使用
        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([
            SwinTransformerBlock(
                dim=dim,
                num_heads=num_heads,
                window_size=window_size,
                # 当shift_size=0时表示当前是W-MSA，shift_size=1时表示当前是SW-MSA
                shift_size=0 if (i % 2 == 0) else self.shift_size,
                mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio,
                qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
                drop=drop,
                attn_drop=attn_drop,
                drop_path=drop_path[i] if isinstance(drop_path, list) else drop_path,
                norm_layer=norm_layer)
            # 每一个stage中block循环的次数
            for i in range(depth)])

        # patch merging layer
        if downsample is not None:
            self.downsample = downsample(dim=dim, norm_layer=norm_layer)
        else:
            self.downsample = None

    def create_mask(self, x, H, W):
        # calculate attention mask for SW-MSA
        # 保证Hp和Wp是window_size的整数倍
        Hp = int(np.ceil(H / self.window_size)) * self.window_size
        Wp = int(np.ceil(W / self.window_size)) * self.window_size
        # 拥有和feature map一样的通道排列顺序，方便后续window_partition
        # 对于切好的windows进行shift，然后重新按照window size切，单个window若其中全是连续的，则直接计算MSA
        # 若有不连续的，则需要mask了
        img_mask = torch.zeros((1, Hp, Wp, 1), device=x.device)  # [1, Hp, Wp, 1]
        h_slices = (slice(0, -self.window_size),
                    slice(-self.window_size, -self.shift_size),
                    slice(-self.shift_size, None))
        w_slices = (slice(0, -self.window_size),
                    slice(-self.window_size, -self.shift_size),
                    slice(-self.shift_size, None))
        cnt = 0
        for h in h_slices:
            for w in w_slices:
                img_mask[:, h, w, :] = cnt
                cnt += 1

        mask_windows = window_partition(img_mask, self.window_size)  # [nW, Mh, Mw, 1]
        mask_windows = mask_windows.view(-1, self.window_size * self.window_size)  # [nW, Mh*Mw]
        # 通过相减的广播机制来进行扩充，[nW, 1, Mh*Mw]会将最后一个维度的数据复制Mh*Mw次得到[nW, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        attn_mask = mask_windows.unsqueeze(1) - mask_windows.unsqueeze(2)  # [nW, 1, Mh*Mw] - [nW, Mh*Mw, 1]
        # [nW, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        # 相减之后对于不等于0的区域写入-100，等于0的区域就是0
        # 这样就得到了该window进行attention时的mask了
        attn_mask = attn_mask.masked_fill(attn_mask != 0, float(-100.0)).masked_fill(attn_mask == 0, float(0.0))
        return attn_mask

    def forward(self, x, H, W):
        attn_mask = self.create_mask(x, H, W)  # [nW, Mh*Mw, Mh*Mw]
        for blk in self.blocks:
            blk.H, blk.W = H, W
            if not torch.jit.is_scripting() and self.use_checkpoint:
                x = checkpoint.checkpoint(blk, x, attn_mask)
            else:
                x = blk(x, attn_mask)
        if self.downsample is not None:
            x = self.downsample(x, H, W)
            # 因为downsample方法是patch merging里实现的，H和W若为奇数会进行padding
            # 所以downsample后的H和W的值是，原H、W为奇数时加一除以二，为偶数时=偶数加一除以二再向下取整=偶数除以二。
            H, W = (H + 1) // 2, (W + 1) // 2

        return x, H, W


class SwinTransformer(nn.Module):
    r""" Swin Transformer
        A PyTorch impl of : `Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windows`  -
          https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.14030

    Args:
        patch_size (int | tuple(int)): Patch size. Default: 4, 输入图片一开始下采样4倍
        in_chans (int): Number of input image channels. Default: 3， 输入图片为RGB三通道
        num_classes (int): Number of classes for classification head. Default: 1000，
        embed_dim (int): Patch embedding dimension. Default: 96， stage1输出的通道数C
        depths (tuple(int)): Depth of each Swin Transformer layer. 每一个stage中Swin Transformer Block的重复次数
        num_heads (tuple(int)): Number of attention heads in different layers. 每一个Swin Transformer Block中自注意力的head数
        window_size (int): Window size. Default: 7，W-MSA和SW-MSA默认采用的窗口大小
        mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim. Default: 4， MLP Block中第一个全连接层的输出翻得倍数
        qkv_bias (bool): If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value. Default: True
        drop_rate (float): Dropout rate. Default: 0
        attn_drop_rate (float): Attention dropout rate. Default: 0
        drop_path_rate (float): Stochastic depth rate. Default: 0.1， 是从0递增到0.1
        norm_layer (nn.Module): Normalization layer. Default: nn.LayerNorm.
        patch_norm (bool): If True, add normalization after patch embedding. Default: True
        use_checkpoint (bool): Whether to use checkpointing to save memory. Default: False
    """

    def __init__(self, patch_size=4, in_chans=3, num_classes=1000,
                 embed_dim=96, depths=(2, 2, 6, 2), num_heads=(3, 6, 12, 24),
                 window_size=7, mlp_ratio=4., qkv_bias=True,
                 drop_rate=0., attn_drop_rate=0., drop_path_rate=0.1,
                 norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm, patch_norm=True,
                 use_checkpoint=False, **kwargs):
        super().__init__()

        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.num_layers = len(depths)
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.patch_norm = patch_norm
        # stage4输出特征矩阵的channels
        self.num_features = int(embed_dim * 2 ** (self.num_layers - 1))
        self.mlp_ratio = mlp_ratio

        # split image into non-overlapping patches
        # 将图片划分为一个个没有重叠的patches
        self.patch_embed = PatchEmbed(
            patch_size=patch_size, in_c=in_chans, embed_dim=embed_dim,
            norm_layer=norm_layer if self.patch_norm else None)
        self.pos_drop = nn.Dropout(p=drop_rate)

        # stochastic depth
        # 每一个Swin Transformer Block中droppath rate
        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path_rate, sum(depths))]  # stochastic depth decay rule

        # build layers
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList()
        # 遍历循环建立每个stage，i_layer = [0,1,2,3]
        for i_layer in range(self.num_layers):
            # 注意这里构建的stage和论文图中有些差异
            # 这里的stage不包含该stage的patch_merging层，包含的是下个stage的
            layers = BasicLayer(dim=int(embed_dim * 2 ** i_layer),
                                depth=depths[i_layer],
                                num_heads=num_heads[i_layer],
                                window_size=window_size,
                                mlp_ratio=self.mlp_ratio,
                                qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
                                drop=drop_rate,
                                attn_drop=attn_drop_rate,
                                drop_path=dpr[sum(depths[:i_layer]):sum(depths[:i_layer + 1])],
                                norm_layer=norm_layer,
                                downsample=PatchMerging if (i_layer < self.num_layers - 1) else None, # 判断该BasicLayer有没有下一个stage的patch_merging
                                use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint)
            self.layers.append(layers)

        self.norm = norm_layer(self.num_features)
        self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool1d(1)
        self.head = nn.Linear(self.num_features, num_classes) if num_classes > 0 else nn.Identity()

        self.apply(self._init_weights)

    def _init_weights(self, m):
        if isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
            nn.init.trunc_normal_(m.weight, std=.02)
            if isinstance(m, nn.Linear) and m.bias is not None:
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
        elif isinstance(m, nn.LayerNorm):
            nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1.0)

    def forward(self, x):
        # x: [B, L, C]
        x, H, W = self.patch_embed(x)
        x = self.pos_drop(x)

        for layer in self.layers:
            x, H, W = layer(x, H, W)

        x = self.norm(x)  # [B, L, C]
        x = self.avgpool(x.transpose(1, 2))  # [B, C, 1]
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        x = self.head(x)
        return x


def swin_tiny_patch4_window7_224(num_classes: int = 1000, **kwargs):
    # trained ImageNet-1K
    # https://github.com/SwinTransformer/storage/releases/download/v1.0.0/swin_tiny_patch4_window7_224.pth
    model = SwinTransformer(in_chans=3,
                            patch_size=4,
                            window_size=7,
                            embed_dim=96,
                            depths=(2, 2, 6, 2),
                            num_heads=(3, 6, 12, 24),
                            num_classes=num_classes,
                            **kwargs)
    return model


def swin_small_patch4_window7_224(num_classes: int = 1000, **kwargs):
    # trained ImageNet-1K
    # https://github.com/SwinTransformer/storage/releases/download/v1.0.0/swin_small_patch4_window7_224.pth
    model = SwinTransformer(in_chans=3,
                            patch_size=4,
                            window_size=7,
                            embed_dim=96,
                            depths=(2, 2, 18, 2),
                            num_heads=(3, 6, 12, 24),
                            num_classes=num_classes,
                            **kwargs)
    return model


def swin_base_patch4_window7_224(num_classes: int = 1000, **kwargs):
    # trained ImageNet-1K
    # https://github.com/SwinTransformer/storage/releases/download/v1.0.0/swin_base_patch4_window7_224.pth
    model = SwinTransformer(in_chans=3,
                            patch_size=4,
                            window_size=7,
                            embed_dim=128,
                            depths=(2, 2, 18, 2),
                            num_heads=(4, 8, 16, 32),
                            num_classes=num_classes,
                            **kwargs)
    return model


def swin_base_patch4_window12_384(num_classes: int = 1000, **kwargs):
    # trained ImageNet-1K
    # https://github.com/SwinTransformer/storage/releases/download/v1.0.0/swin_base_patch4_window12_384.pth
    model = SwinTransformer(in_chans=3,
                            patch_size=4,
                            window_size=12,
                            embed_dim=128,
                            depths=(2, 2, 18, 2),
                            num_heads=(4, 8, 16, 32),
                            num_classes=num_classes,
                            **kwargs)
    return model


def swin_base_patch4_window7_224_in22k(num_classes: int = 21841, **kwargs):
    # trained ImageNet-22K
    # https://github.com/SwinTransformer/storage/releases/download/v1.0.0/swin_base_patch4_window7_224_22k.pth
    model = SwinTransformer(in_chans=3,
                            patch_size=4,
                            window_size=7,
                            embed_dim=128,
                            depths=(2, 2, 18, 2),
                            num_heads=(4, 8, 16, 32),
                            num_classes=num_classes,
                            **kwargs)
    return model


def swin_base_patch4_window12_384_in22k(num_classes: int = 21841, **kwargs):
    # trained ImageNet-22K
    # https://github.com/SwinTransformer/storage/releases/download/v1.0.0/swin_base_patch4_window12_384_22k.pth
    model = SwinTransformer(in_chans=3,
                            patch_size=4,
                            window_size=12,
                            embed_dim=128,
                            depths=(2, 2, 18, 2),
                            num_heads=(4, 8, 16, 32),
                            num_classes=num_classes,
                            **kwargs)
    return model


def swin_large_patch4_window7_224_in22k(num_classes: int = 21841, **kwargs):
    # trained ImageNet-22K
    # https://github.com/SwinTransformer/storage/releases/download/v1.0.0/swin_large_patch4_window7_224_22k.pth
    model = SwinTransformer(in_chans=3,
                            patch_size=4,
                            window_size=7,
                            embed_dim=192,
                            depths=(2, 2, 18, 2),
                            num_heads=(6, 12, 24, 48),
                            num_classes=num_classes,
                            **kwargs)
    return model


def swin_large_patch4_window12_384_in22k(num_classes: int = 21841, **kwargs):
    # trained ImageNet-22K
    # https://github.com/SwinTransformer/storage/releases/download/v1.0.0/swin_large_patch4_window12_384_22k.pth
    model = SwinTransformer(in_chans=3,
                            patch_size=4,
                            window_size=12,
                            embed_dim=192,
                            depths=(2, 2, 18, 2),
                            num_heads=(6, 12, 24, 48),
                            num_classes=num_classes,
                            **kwargs)
    return model

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理解Swin Transformer（结合代码）

1）输入一张RGB彩色图片2）经过PatchEmbed层得到shape=[H/4, W/4, embed_dim]的特征矩阵3）通过循环设置的BasicLayer（Swin Transformer Block + Patch Merging）结构得到shape=[H/32, W/32, embed_dim*8]的提取出来的特征图4）通过最后的head进行分类，head包括全局平均池化，输出shape=[B, C, 1]，再通过全连接层，输出维度为类别数，得到分类结果。
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