OpenCV 图像操作

OpenCV 图像操作

读写图像

• imread可以指定加载为灰度或者RGB图像
• imwrite保存图像文件，类型由扩展名决定

读写像素

• 读一个GRAY像素点的像素值（ CV_8uC1)

Scalar intensity = img.at<uchar>(y,x);

或者

Scalar intensity = img.at<uchar>(Point(x，y));

• 读一个RGB像素点的像素值

Vec3f intensity = img.at<Vec3f>(y,x);
float blue = intensity.val[0];
float green = intensity.val[1];
float red = intensity.val[2];

修改像素值

• 灰度图像

img.at<uchar>(y,x) = 128;

• RGB三通道图像

img.at<Vec3b>(v,x)[0]=128;// blue
img.at<Vec3b>(v,x)[1]=128;// green
img.at<Vec3b>(v,x)[2]=128;// red

• 空白图像赋值

img = Scalar(0);

• ROI选择

Rect r(10,10,100,100);
Mat smalllmg = img(r);

Vec3b与Vec3F

• Vec3b对应三通道的顺序是blue、green、red的uchar类型数据。
• Vec3f对应三通道的float类型数据
• 把CV_8UC1转换到CV32F1实现如下︰

src.convertTo(dst, CV_32F);

小demo

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui_c.h>
#include<iostream>

/*#pragma comment(lib, "opencv_world453.lib")*/

using namespace cv;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	Mat gray_src;
	Mat src = imread("F://1.png", IMREAD_COLOR);
	if (src.empty()) {
		printf("error");
		return -1;
	}
	namedWindow("test opencv setup", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("test opencv setup", src);

	cvtColor(src, gray_src, CV_BGR2GRAY);
	namedWindow("out put window", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("out put window", gray_src);

	int height = gray_src.rows;
	int width = gray_src.cols;
	//单通道修改灰度图像
	for (int row = 0;row < height;row++) {
		for (int col = 0;col < width;col++) {
			int gray = gray_src.at<uchar>(row, col);
			gray_src.at <uchar>(row, col) = 255 - gray;
		}
	}
	namedWindow("out put window1", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("out put window1", gray_src);
	
	//三通道
	Mat dst;
	dst.create(src.size(), src.type());
	height = src.rows;
	width = src.cols;
	int nc = src.channels();//获取通道数量
	for (int row = 0;row < height;row++) {
		for (int col = 0;col < width;col++) {
			if (nc == 1) {
				int gray = gray_src.at<uchar>(row, col);
				gray_src.at <uchar>(row, col) = 255 - gray;
			}
			else if(nc == 3){
				int b = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0];
				int g = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1];
				int r = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2];
				dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0] = 255 - b;
				dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1] = 255 - g;
				dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2] = 255 - r;
			}

		}
	}
	//bitwise_not(src, dst);
	imshow("output", dst);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;

}

输出修改像素值后图像