调用系统相机拍照

 创建file_paths.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path name="external_files" path="."/>
</paths>

AndroidManifest.xml清单文件添加拍照相关权限

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.EditPicture"
        tools:targetApi="31">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <provider
            android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
            android:authorities="com.example.client.server.editpicture.fileprovider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
        </provider>
    </application>

</manifest>

 布局文件activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:gravity="center_horizontal"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView"
        android:layout_width="300dp"
        android:layout_height="300dp"
        android:background="#DCDBDB"/>

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="拍照"
        android:onClick="TakePhoto"/>

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>
</LinearLayout>

调用系统相机拍照

package com.example.client.server.editpicture;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider;

import android.Manifest;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private final int PERMISSION_QUEST_CODE = 101;
    private final int TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_CODE = 102;
    private String[] permissions1 = new String[]{
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.CAMERA
    };
    private String[] permissions2 = new String[]{
            Manifest.permission.CAMERA
    };
    private File photoFile;
    private ImageView imageView;

    @SuppressLint("MissingInflatedId")
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        imageView = findViewById(R.id.imageView);
    }

    /**
     * 拍照
     *
     * @param view
     */
    public void TakePhoto(View view) {
        if (checkPermissions()) {
            Intent takePictureIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
            if (takePictureIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
                // 创建一个临时文件来保存照片
                try {
                    photoFile = createImageFile();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "创建拍照临时文件夹失败: " + e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                if (photoFile != null) {
                    Uri photoUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, getPackageName() + ".fileprovider", photoFile);
                    takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoUri);
                    startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_CODE);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 检查是否拥有权限
     *
     * @return
     */
    public boolean checkPermissions() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
            // Android 11以上
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //申请权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions2, PERMISSION_QUEST_CODE);
                return false;
            }
            if (!Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "拍照功能没有该权限将无法正常使用!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
                intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + this.getPackageName()));
                startActivityForResult(intent, PERMISSION_QUEST_CODE);
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            // android 6.0以上
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //申请权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions1, PERMISSION_QUEST_CODE);
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 创建拍照临时文件
     *
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private File createImageFile() throws IOException {
        String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
        String imageFileName = "JPEG_" + timeStamp + "_";
        File storageDir = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
        File image = File.createTempFile(imageFileName, ".bmp", storageDir);
        return image;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (requestCode == TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            // 显示拍摄的照片
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(photoFile.getAbsolutePath());
            imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        }
    }
}