对正定核函数 Φ : X × X → R \Phi:X\times X\to\mathbb{R} Φ:X×X→R和采样点 X : = { x i } i = 1 N ⊂ X \mathcal{X}\coloneqq\left\{x_i\right\}_{i=1}^N\subset X X:={
xi}i=1N⊂X,其对应的插值基函数应为
u i ∗ = ∑ j = 1 N [ Φ − 1 ] i j Φ ( ⋅ , x j ) , u_i^\ast=\sum_{j=1}^N\left[\Phi^{-1}\right]_{ij}\Phi\left(\cdot,x_j\right), ui∗=j=1∑N[Φ−1]ijΦ(⋅,xj),
其中 Φ : = [ Φ ( x i , x j ) ] i j \Phi\coloneqq\left[\Phi\left(x_i,x_j\right)\right]_{ij} Φ:=[Φ(xi,xj)]ij。由此,对任意 f ∈ span ‾ ⟨ Φ ( ⋅ , x ) ⟩ x ∈ X f\in \overline{\text{span}}\left\langle\Phi\left(\cdot,x\right)\right\rangle_{x\in X} f∈span⟨Φ(⋅,x)⟩x∈X,对应插值函数应为
Q f : = ∑ i = 1 N f ( x i ) u i ∗ . \mathcal{Q}f\coloneqq\sum_{i=1}^Nf\left(x_i\right)u_i^\ast. Qf:=i=1∑Nf(xi)ui∗.
以下考察误差函数
E f : = f − Q f . \mathcal{E}f\coloneqq f-\mathcal{Q}f. Ef:=f−Qf.
对任意 x ∈ X x\in X x∈X,有
∣ [ E f ] ( x ) ∣ = ∣ ⟨ f , Φ ( ⋅ , x ) − ∑ i = 1 N u i ∗ ( x ) Φ ( ⋅ , x i ) ⟩ ∣ ≤ ∥ f ∥ ∥ Φ ( ⋅ , x ) − ∑ i = 1 N u i ∗ ( x ) Φ ( ⋅ , x i ) ∥ . \begin{aligned} \left|\left[\mathcal{E}f\right]\left(x\right)\right|&=\left|\left\langle f,\Phi\left(\cdot,x\right)-\sum_{i=1}^Nu_i^\ast\left(x\right)\Phi\left(\cdot,x_i\right)\right\rangle\right|\\ &\leq\left\|f\right\|\left\|\Phi\left(\cdot,x\right)-\sum_{i=1}^Nu_i^\ast\left(x\right)\Phi\left(\cdot,x_i\right)\right\|. \end{aligned} ∣[Ef](x)∣=∣∣∣∣∣⟨f,Φ(⋅,x)−i=1∑Nui∗(x)Φ(⋅,xi)⟩∣∣∣∣∣≤∥f∥∥∥∥∥∥Φ(⋅,x)−i=1∑Nui∗(x)Φ(⋅,xi)∥∥∥∥∥.
遂以下研究函数
P ( x ) 2 : = ∥ Φ ( ⋅ , x ) − ∑ i = 1 N