java自学笔记：Set类（1）HashSet

Set接口继承Collection接口，但是Set限定其元素不可重复

AbstractSet继承AbstractCollection，AbstractSet为equals和hashCode提供实例，但是没有size和iterator的实例，因而为抽象类

Set类三大实体类为HashSet LinkedHashSet TreeSet

HashSet:
默认HashSet长度16，负载系数0.75.负载系数为在容量达到该百分比时容量会扩大一倍。更高的负载系数可以减少内存浪费，但是会增加搜索时间，0.75是一个较好的平衡值

package chapter21;

import java.util.*;

public class TestHashSet {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		//Create a hash set
		Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
		
		//Add strings to the set
		set.add("London");
		set.add("Paris");
		set.add("New York");
		set.add("San Francisco");
		set.add("Beijing");
		set.add("New York");
		
		System.out.println(set);
		
		for (String s : set) {
			System.out.print(s + " ");
		}
	}

}

New York在本例中添加了两次，但是只有一个储存下来，因为set不允许重复

HashSet储存元素的顺序不一定和输入顺序一致，而是完全随机。LinkedHashSet可以按顺序储存

Set是Collection的实例，因此Collection类所有方法也可以应用于Set，如下例应用了add remove contains size addAll removeAll retainAll等方法

package chapter21;

import java.util.*;

public class TestMethodsInCollection {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		//create set1
		Set<String> set1 = new HashSet<String>();
		
		
		//add strings to set1
		set1.add("London");
		set1.add("Paris");
		set1.add("New York");
		set1.add("San Francisco");
		set1.add("Beijing");
		
		
		System.out.println("set1: " + set1);
		System.out.println(set1.size() + " elements in set1");
		
		
		//delete a string from set1
		set1.remove("London");
		System.out.println("set1: " + set1);
		System.out.println(set1.size() + " elements in set1");
		
		
		//create set2
		Set<String> set2 = new HashSet<String>();
		
		
		//add strings to set2
		set2.add("London");
		set2.add("Shanghai");
		set2.add("Paris");
		System.out.println("set2: " + set2);
		System.out.println(set2.size() + " elements in set2");
		System.out.println("Is Taipei in set2? " + set2.contains("Taipei"));
		
		
		set1.addAll(set2);
		System.out.println("adding set2 to set1, set1 is " + set1);
		set1.removeAll(set2);
		System.out.println("removing set2 from set1, set1 is " + set1);
		set1.retainAll(set2);
		System.out.println("removing common elements in set2 from set1 " + set1);
	}

}