【 Notes 】TCAS Preliminary Introduction

traffic alert and collision avoidance systems ( TCAS ) 

TCAS is used to detect and track target aircraft in the vicinity of the tracking aircraft [19] . It provides a warning signal to the pilot in the presence of another aircraft that can pose a danger of midair collision.

TCAS用于探测和跟踪在跟踪飞机附近的目标飞机[19]。 它在另一架可能造成空中碰撞危险的飞机存在时向飞行员发出警告信号。

This warning signal is provided to the pilot independent of the air traffic control ( ATC ) [19] . It consists of two components: interrogator and transponder. Each aircraft is equipped with both components. The interrogator in one aircraft interrogates transponders in other aircraft and analyzes the replies to determine range, bearing, and relative altitude (if reporting) of the intruder aircraft (see Fig. 1.4 b).

该警告信号独立于空中交通管制（ATC）[19]提供给飞行员。 它由两部分组成：询问器和转发器。 每架飞机都配备了两个部件。 一架飞机上的询问器询问其他飞机上的转发器并分析这些回复以确定入侵飞机的航程，方位和相对高度（如果报告）（见图1.4b）。

Range is determined by measuring the time elapsed from the interrogation signal to the receipt of the reply. A directional antenna is used to determine direction or bearing of the target aircraft. TCAS gets altitude information directly in the received reply from the transponder on the target aircraft. To determine the altitude, the time – frequency system is employed, which uses the synchronized time and frequency (via extremely accurate oscillators on board the aircraft) to transmit the encoded altitude information. Each aircraft is assigned a specific timeslot of a few milliseconds during each 1 -second interval, used to transmit the encoded altitude signal.

通过测量从询问信号到收到回复所经过的时间来确定范围。 定向天线用于确定目标飞机的方向或方位。 TCAS直接从目标飞机上的应答器收到的回复中获取高度信息。 为了确定高度，采用时频系统，该系统使用同步的时间和频率（通过飞机上极其精确的振荡器）来传输编码的高度信息。 在每个1秒间隔期间为每架飞机分配几毫秒的特定时隙，用于发送编码的高度信号。