干货 | 10分钟带你全面掌握branch and bound（分支定界）算法-概念篇

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-16 08:04:59 发布

infinitor

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-16 08:04:59 发布

阅读量2.7k

点赞数 4

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Rivalsx/article/details/96928812

版权

本文介绍了分支定界（Branch and Bound）算法，它是一种用于离散和组合优化问题的算法设计范式。文章通过通俗易懂的方式解释了算法的基本思想，即通过搜索树进行分支，并在分支过程中设定上下界来裁剪无法产生最优解的子问题。此外，还以整数规划为例展示了算法的具体应用，并提供了算法框架和伪代码。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

00 前言

之前一直做启发式算法，最近突然对精确算法感兴趣了。但是这玩意儿说实话是真的难，刚好boss又叫我学学column generation求解VRP相关的内容。一看里面有好多知识需要重新把握，所以这段时间就打算好好学学精确算法。届时会把学习过程记录下来，也方便大家学习！

01 什么是branch and bound（定义）？

1.1 官方一点[1]

Branch and bound (BB, B&B, or BnB) is an algorithm design paradigm for discrete and combinatorial optimization problems, as well as mathematical optimization. A branch-and-bound algorithm consists of a systematic enumeration of candidate solutions by means of state space search: the set of candidate solutions is thought of as forming a rooted tree with the full set at the root. The algorithm explores branches of this tree, which represent subsets of the solution set. Before enumerating the candidate solutions of a branch, the branch is checked against upper and lower estimated bounds on the optimal solution, and is discarded if it cannot produce a better solution than the best one found so far by the algorithm.

The algorithm depends on efficient estimation of the lower and upper bounds of regions/branches of the search space. If no bounds are available, the algorithm degenerates to an exhaustive search.

1.2 通俗一点

分支定界算法始终围绕着一颗搜索树进行的，我们将原问题看作搜索树的根节点，从这里出发，分支的含义就是将大的问题分割成小的问题。大问题可以看成是搜索树的父节点，那么从大问题分割出来的小问题就是父节点的子节点了。分支的过程就是不断给树增加子节点的过程。而定界就是在分支的过程中检查子问题的上下界，如果子问题不能产生一比当前最优解还要优的解，那么砍掉这一支。直到所有子问题都不能产生一个更优的解时，算法结束。