转载：http://blog.csdn.net/puppet_master/article/details/46973435
一.简介
operator= 运算符重载，就类似正常我们为变量赋值（如a = b）时的情况，但是我们自己写的类，内部肯定有各种字段，赋值当然不会就像a=b那么简单啦。
如果我们自己写重载操作符=，编译器也会为我们生成一个，但是这个函数功能很弱，只能实现浅赋值。
- // C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
- //
- #include “stdafx.h”
- #include <iostream>
- #include <string>
- using namespace std;
- class CopyTest
- {
- private:
- string name;
- int id;
- public:
- CopyTest(int i, string n):id(i),name(n)
- {
- //cout<<”Construct!”<<endl;
- }
- ~CopyTest()
- {
- //cout<<”No”<<id<<” ”<<”Destruct!”<<endl;
- }
- void Display()
- {
- cout<<name<<” ”<<id<<endl;
- }
- };
- int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- CopyTest test1(1, ”hehe”);
- CopyTest test2(2, ”haha”);
- cout<<”Before operator = test2 is: ”;
- test2.Display();
- test2 = test1;
- cout<<”After operator = test2 is ”;
- test1.Display();
- system(”pause”);
- return 0;
- }
// C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//include "stdafx.h"
include <iostream>
include <string>
using namespace std;
class CopyTest
{
private:
string name;
int id;
public:
CopyTest(int i, string n):id(i),name(n)
{
//cout<<"Construct!"<<endl;
}
~CopyTest()
{
//cout<<"No"<<id<<" "<<"Destruct!"<<endl;
}
void Display()
{
cout<<name<<" "<<id<<endl;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CopyTest test1(1, “hehe”);
CopyTest test2(2, “haha”);
cout<<"Before operator = test2 is: ";
test2.Display();
test2 = test1;
cout<<"After operator = test2 is ";
test1.Display();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
结果：
Before operator = test2 is: haha 2
After operator = test2 is hehe 1
请按任意键继续…
可见，虽然我们并没有写那个operator=的函数，但是我们仍然实现了对象的赋值。
二.自己DIY一个operator=函数
- // C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
- //
- #include “stdafx.h”
- #include <iostream>
- #include <string>
- using namespace std;
- class CopyTest
- {
- private:
- string name;
- int id;
- public:
- CopyTest(int i, string n):id(i),name(n)
- {
- //cout<<”Construct!”<<endl;
- }
- ~CopyTest()
- {
- //cout<<”No”<<id<<” ”<<”Destruct!”<<endl;
- }
- CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
- {
- name = e.name;
- id = e.id;
- cout<<”operator= function is called!”<<endl;
- return *this;
- }
- void Display()
- {
- cout<<name<<” ”<<id<<endl;
- }
- };
- int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- CopyTest test1(1, ”hehe”);
- CopyTest test2(2, ”haha”);
- cout<<”Before operator = test2 is: ”;
- test2.Display();
- test2 = test1;
- cout<<”After operator = test2 is ”;
- test1.Display();
- system(”pause”);
- return 0;
- }
// C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
include "stdafx.h"
include <iostream>
include <string>
using namespace std;
class CopyTest
{
private:
string name;
int id;
public:
CopyTest(int i, string n):id(i),name(n)
{
//cout<<"Construct!"<<endl;
}
~CopyTest()
{
//cout<<"No"<<id<<" "<<"Destruct!"<<endl;
}
CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
{
name = e.name;
id = e.id;
cout<<"operator= function is called!"<<endl;
return *this;
}
void Display()
{
cout<<name<<" "<<id<<endl;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CopyTest test1(1, “hehe”);
CopyTest test2(2, “haha”);
cout<<"Before operator = test2 is: ";
test2.Display();
test2 = test1;
cout<<"After operator = test2 is ";
test1.Display();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
结果：
Before operator = test2 is: haha 2
operator= function is called!
After operator = test2 is hehe 1
请按任意键继续…
operator= function is called!
After operator = test2 is hehe 1
请按任意键继续…
这里我们就可以看到，系统调用了我们所写的operator=函数，完成了与系统为我们添加的函数相同的功能。
三.operator=返回一个本对象的引用
这里有个细节，要注意一下，同时这也是《Effictive C++》中的重要一条：
关于operator=函数的返回值，我们的返回值类型是对象本身的引用，return时使用的是this指针所指的位置的内容（即*this的值），为什么要这样呢？
对于=，我们可能会这样使用：
- a = b = c;
- //相当于：
- a = (b = c);
a = b = c;
//相当于：
a = (b = c);
注意，这种操作在赋值操作中都成立。
- CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
- { …
- return *this;
- }
CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
{ ...
return *this;
}- </pre><pre name=“code” class=“cpp”>//在+=,-=,*=,/=等情况也都成立
</pre><pre name="code" class="cpp">//在+=,-=,*=,/=等情况也都成立当然，这不是强制的，只是一个协议。不遵守程序并无问题，但是这条协议被所有内置数据类型，string,vector等等C++几乎最常用的类型所遵守，我们还是随大流吧…
四.深拷贝浅拷贝
与拷贝构造函数中相同，operator=重载中也含有深拷贝与浅拷贝的概念。浅拷贝即只是字面上的拷贝，不涉及指针等动态空间的拷贝，而深拷贝则是会处理动态内存空间的相关信息。关于浅拷贝和深拷贝，在拷贝构造函数中有更详细的介绍：
http://blog.csdn.net/puppet_master/article/details/46955965，如果我们不写operator=的话，编译器会自动为我们生成一个，但是这个自动生成的只能实现浅拷贝，遇到动态内存相关的肯定会出错，所以我们还是自己写一个比较好。
- // C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
- //
- #include “stdafx.h”
- #include <iostream>
- #include <string>
- using namespace std;
- class CopyTest
- {
- private:
- string name;
- int id;
- int* pointer;
- public:
- CopyTest(int i, string n, int* p):id(i),name(n), pointer(p)
- {
- //cout<<”Construct!”<<endl;
- }
- ~CopyTest()
- {
- //cout<<”No”<<id<<” ”<<”Destruct!”<<endl;
- }
- CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
- {
- name = e.name;
- id = e.id;
- delete pointer;
- pointer = new int(*e.pointer);
- cout<<”operator= function is called!”<<endl;
- return *this;
- }
- void Display()
- {
- cout<<”name: ”<<name<<“ ”<<“id: ”<<id<<“ pointer: ”<<*pointer<<endl;
- }
- };
- int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- CopyTest test1(1, ”hehe”, new int(1));
- CopyTest test2(2, ”haha”, new int (2));
- cout<<”Before operator = test2 is: ”;
- test2.Display();
- test2 = test1;
- cout<<”After operator = test2 is ”;
- test1.Display();
- system(”pause”);
- return 0;
- }
// C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
include "stdafx.h"
include <iostream>
include <string>
using namespace std;
class CopyTest
{
private:
string name;
int id;
int* pointer;
public:
CopyTest(int i, string n, int* p):id(i),name(n), pointer(p)
{
//cout<<"Construct!"<<endl;
}
~CopyTest()
{
//cout<<"No"<<id<<" "<<"Destruct!"<<endl;
}
CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
{
name = e.name;
id = e.id;
delete pointer;
pointer = new int(*e.pointer);
cout<<"operator= function is called!"<<endl;
return *this;
}
void Display()
{
cout<<"name: "<<name<<" "<<"id: "<<id<<" pointer: "<<*pointer<<endl;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CopyTest test1(1, “hehe”, new int(1));
CopyTest test2(2, “haha”, new int (2));
cout<<"Before operator = test2 is: ";
test2.Display();
test2 = test1;
cout<<"After operator = test2 is ";
test1.Display();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
结果：
Before operator = test2 is: name: haha id: 2 pointer: 2
operator= function is called!
After operator = test2 is name: hehe id: 1 pointer: 1
请按任意键继续…
operator= function is called!
After operator = test2 is name: hehe id: 1 pointer: 1
请按任意键继续…
上面的就是一个最简单的深拷贝，普通的变量还是正常赋值，但是遇到指针时，先把原来指针所指向的内容delete掉，释放内存，然后重新申请一块内存，并将这块内存的值用=右边的指针所指向的内容赋值，用本对象中的指针指向。
五.防止对象自我赋值
上面的例子虽然很好的实现了深拷贝，但是有一个问题，如果我们用一个普通的变量自己给自己赋值，正常是没有问题的，但是深拷贝涉及到指针，和内存释放的问题，试想一下，如果我们自己给自己赋值，先delete掉了pointer所指向的内容，然后我们又new出了一块内存，要给他赋值的时候，发现这个pointer已经被释放了，所以肯定会出问题…
例如，上面的程序我们这样赋值：
- test2 = test2;
test2 = test2;Before operator = test2 is: name: haha id: 2 pointer: 2
operator= function is called!
After operator = test2 is name: haha id: 2 pointer: -17891602
请按任意键继续…
pointer的值变成了一个很奇怪的数。
也许有人会问，我们不会傻到自己给自己赋值吧？
还真不好说，上面的情况比较极端，如果我们用一个数组循环的时候，说不好i,j重合了，那么就有可能发生这种情况。或者代码比较复杂时，很有可能就会出现自我赋值的情况。
既然我们知道有这个隐患，那么就要消除这个隐患，其实这个很简单，我们只需要在赋值之前判断一下，
这两个对象是不是同一个对象即可，如果是同一个对象，那么就直接返回，不进行操作。
- // C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
- //
- #include “stdafx.h”
- #include <iostream>
- #include <string>
- using namespace std;
- class CopyTest
- {
- private:
- string name;
- int id;
- int* pointer;
- public:
- CopyTest(int i, string n, int* p):id(i),name(n), pointer(p)
- {
- //cout<<”Construct!”<<endl;
- }
- ~CopyTest()
- {
- //cout<<”No”<<id<<” ”<<”Destruct!”<<endl;
- }
- CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
- {
- if (this == &e)
- return *this;
- name = e.name;
- id = e.id;
- delete pointer;
- pointer = new int(*e.pointer);
- cout<<”operator= function is called!”<<endl;
- return *this;
- }
- void Display()
- {
- cout<<”name: ”<<name<<“ ”<<“id: ”<<id<<“ pointer: ”<<*pointer<<endl;
- }
- };
- int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- CopyTest test1(1, ”hehe”, new int(1));
- CopyTest test2(2, ”haha”, new int (2));
- cout<<”Before operator = test2 is: ”;
- test2.Display();
- test2 = test2;
- cout<<”After operator = test2 is ”;
- test2.Display();
- system(”pause”);
- return 0;
- }
// C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
include "stdafx.h"
include <iostream>
include <string>
using namespace std;
class CopyTest
{
private:
string name;
int id;
int* pointer;
public:
CopyTest(int i, string n, int* p):id(i),name(n), pointer(p)
{
//cout<<"Construct!"<<endl;
}
~CopyTest()
{
//cout<<"No"<<id<<" "<<"Destruct!"<<endl;
}
CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
{
if (this == &e)
return *this;
name = e.name;
id = e.id;
delete pointer;
pointer = new int(*e.pointer);
cout<<"operator= function is called!"<<endl;
return *this;
}
void Display()
{
cout<<"name: "<<name<<" "<<"id: "<<id<<" pointer: "<<*pointer<<endl;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CopyTest test1(1, “hehe”, new int(1));
CopyTest test2(2, “haha”, new int (2));
cout<<"Before operator = test2 is: ";
test2.Display();
test2 = test2;
cout<<"After operator = test2 is ";
test2.Display();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
结果：
Before operator = test2 is: name: haha id: 2 pointer: 2
After operator = test2 is name: haha id: 2 pointer: 2
请按任意键继续…
After operator = test2 is name: haha id: 2 pointer: 2
请按任意键继续…
这样，我们就防止了自我赋值时发生的意外情况。这是《Effictive C++》中的一条。
六.防止拷贝过程中内存申请失败导致原来内容被破坏
解决了上面自我赋值的隐患，我们还有一个隐患，如果赋值过程中new失败了，内存没有申请成功，那么原来的内容已经被删除了，就会出现我们不想看到的情况。要解决这种情况只需要简单的加几句话：
- CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
- {
- if (this == &e)
- return *this;
- name = e.name;
- id = e.id;
- //先用一个临时指针变量存储
- int* tempPointer = new int (*e.pointer);
- //如果上一步执行成功，才删除原有内容
- delete pointer;
- //赋值
- pointer = tempPointer;
- cout<<”operator= function is called!”<<endl;
- return *this;
- }
CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
{
if (this == &e)
return *this;
name = e.name;
id = e.id;
//先用一个临时指针变量存储
int* tempPointer = new int (*e.pointer);
//如果上一步执行成功，才删除原有内容
delete pointer;
//赋值
pointer = tempPointer;
cout<<"operator= function is called!"<<endl;
return *this;
}结果：
Before operator = test2 is: name: haha id: 2 pointer: 2
operator= function is called!
After operator = test2 is name: hehe id: 1 pointer: 1
请按任意键继续…
operator= function is called!
After operator = test2 is name: hehe id: 1 pointer: 1
请按任意键继续…
七.去除operator= 和拷贝构造函数中的冗余代码
通过c++的一个函数，swap，我们可以实现值的交换
- // C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
- //
- #include “stdafx.h”
- #include <iostream>
- #include <string>
- using namespace std;
- class CopyTest
- {
- private:
- string name;
- int id;
- int* pointer;
- public:
- CopyTest(int i, string n, int* p):id(i),name(n), pointer(p)
- {
- //cout<<”Construct!”<<endl;
- }
- ~CopyTest()
- {
- //cout<<”No”<<id<<” ”<<”Destruct!”<<endl;
- }
- //拷贝构造函数
- CopyTest(const CopyTest& e)
- {
- name = e.name;
- id = e.id;
- pointer = new int ();
- *pointer = *e.pointer;
- cout<<”Copy Construct is called!”<<endl;
- }
- CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
- {
- CopyTest temp(e);
- std::swap(*this, temp);
- cout<<”operator= function is called!”<<endl;
- return *this;
- }
- void Display()
- {
- cout<<”name: ”<<name<<“ ”<<“id: ”<<id<<“ pointer: ”<<*pointer<<endl;
- }
- };
- int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- CopyTest test1(1, ”hehe”, new int(1));
- CopyTest test2(2, ”haha”, new int (2));
- cout<<”Before operator = test2 is: ”;
- test2.Display();
- test2 = test1;
- cout<<”After operator = test2 is ”;
- test2.Display();
- system(”pause”);
- return 0;
- }
// C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
include "stdafx.h"
include <iostream>
include <string>
using namespace std;
class CopyTest
{
private:
string name;
int id;
int* pointer;
public:
CopyTest(int i, string n, int* p):id(i),name(n), pointer(p)
{
//cout<<"Construct!"<<endl;
}
~CopyTest()
{
//cout<<"No"<<id<<" "<<"Destruct!"<<endl;
}
//拷贝构造函数
CopyTest(const CopyTest& e)
{
name = e.name;
id = e.id;
pointer = new int ();
*pointer = *e.pointer;
cout<<"Copy Construct is called!"<<endl;
}
CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
{
CopyTest temp(e);
std::swap(*this, temp);
cout<<"operator= function is called!"<<endl;
return *this;
}
void Display()
{
cout<<"name: "<<name<<" "<<"id: "<<id<<" pointer: "<<*pointer<<endl;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CopyTest test1(1, “hehe”, new int(1));
CopyTest test2(2, “haha”, new int (2));
cout<<"Before operator = test2 is: ";
test2.Display();
test2 = test1;
cout<<"After operator = test2 is ";
test2.Display();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
不过，这里我的程序会不停的调用swap函数，直到stack overflow…查了半天也没差出来，以后来填坑。
更方便的办法：
- CopyTest& operator= (CopyTest& e)
- {
- std::swap(*this, e);
- cout<<”operator= function is called!”<<endl;
- return *this;
- }
CopyTest& operator= (CopyTest& e)
{
std::swap(*this, e);
cout<<"operator= function is called!"<<endl;
return *this;
}简单总结一下：
1.确保当对象自我赋值时operator=有良好的行为，其中技术包括比较“来源对象”和“目标对象”的地址，改变顺序达到防止内存分配失败而使原内容被删除，以及copy-and-swap。
2.确定任何函数如果操作一个以上的对象，而其中多个对象是同一个对象时，其行为依然正确。
八.复制对象时勿忘其每一个成分（拷贝构造函数和operator=都要注意）
- // C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
- //
- #include “stdafx.h”
- #include <iostream>
- #include <string>
- using namespace std;
- class CopyTest
- {
- private:
- string name;
- int id;
- public:
- CopyTest(int i, string n):id(i),name(n)
- {
- //cout<<”Construct!”<<endl;
- }
- ~CopyTest()
- {
- //cout<<”No”<<id<<” ”<<”Destruct!”<<endl;
- }
- //拷贝构造函数
- CopyTest(const CopyTest& e)
- {
- name = e.name;
- id = e.id;
- cout<<”Copy Construct is called!”<<endl;
- }
- CopyTest& operator= (CopyTest& e)
- {
- if (this == &e)
- return *this;
- name = e.name;
- //id = e.id;如果我们忘记写这一句，编译器并不会报错
- cout<<”operator= function is called!”<<endl;
- return *this;
- }
- void Display()
- {
- cout<<”name: ”<<name<<“ ”<<“id: ”<<id<<endl;
- }
- };
- int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- CopyTest test1(1, ”hehe”);
- CopyTest test2(2, ”haha”);
- cout<<”Before operator = test2 is: ”;
- test2.Display();
- test2 = test1;
- cout<<”After operator = test2 is ”;
- test2.Display();
- system(”pause”);
- return 0;
- }
// C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
include "stdafx.h"
include <iostream>
include <string>
using namespace std;
class CopyTest
{
private:
string name;
int id;
public:
CopyTest(int i, string n):id(i),name(n)
{
//cout<<"Construct!"<<endl;
}
~CopyTest()
{
//cout<<"No"<<id<<" "<<"Destruct!"<<endl;
}
//拷贝构造函数
CopyTest(const CopyTest& e)
{
name = e.name;
id = e.id;
cout<<"Copy Construct is called!"<<endl;
}
CopyTest& operator= (CopyTest& e)
{
if (this == &e)
return *this;
name = e.name;
//id = e.id;如果我们忘记写这一句，编译器并不会报错
cout<<"operator= function is called!"<<endl;
return *this;
}
void Display()
{
cout<<"name: "<<name<<" "<<"id: "<<id<<endl;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CopyTest test1(1, “hehe”);
CopyTest test2(2, “haha”);
cout<<"Before operator = test2 is: ";
test2.Display();
test2 = test1;
cout<<"After operator = test2 is ";
test2.Display();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
结果：
Before operator = test2 is: name: haha id: 2
operator= function is called!
After operator = test2 is name: hehe id: 2
请按任意键继续…
可见，这里，我们忘记写了一句id的拷贝，于是编译器就老老实实的按照我们的方法执行了。“叫你不用我默认的方法，这下你出错了我也不告诉你…”
这是很难发现的一个错误，所以我们在复制值时，一定要记住所有的变量都要写全，不要漏写。
另外一种情况更加危险，更不容易被我们发现，一定要注意！！！
当我们的这个类又派生出其他的类时，拷贝时一定要把基类的内容也一并拷贝过去！！！
九.派生类中的拷贝要考虑基类部分的拷贝（拷贝构造函数和operator=都要注意）
- // C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
- //
- #include “stdafx.h”
- #include <iostream>
- #include <string>
- using namespace std;
- class CopyTest
- {
- private:
- string name;
- int id;
- public:
- CopyTest(int i, string n):id(i),name(n)
- {
- //cout<<”Construct!”<<endl;
- }
- ~CopyTest()
- {
- //cout<<”No”<<id<<” ”<<”Destruct!”<<endl;
- }
- //拷贝构造函数
- CopyTest(const CopyTest& e)
- {
- name = e.name;
- id = e.id;
- cout<<”CopyTest CopyConstructor is called!”<<endl;
- }
- CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
- {
- if (this == &e)
- return *this;
- name = e.name;
- id = e.id;
- cout<<”CopyTest operator= function is called!”<<endl;
- return *this;
- }
- virtual void Display()
- {
- cout<<”name: ”<<name<<“ ”<<“id: ”<<id<<endl;
- }
- };
- class CopyTestChild : public CopyTest
- {
- private:
- int childId;
- public:
- CopyTestChild(int i, string n, int ci): CopyTest(i, n), childId(ci)
- {
- //cout<<”CopyTestCilid is Constructed!”<<endl;
- }
- ~CopyTestChild()
- {
- }
- //子类拷贝构造函数调用基类拷贝构造函数
- CopyTestChild(const CopyTestChild& e) : CopyTest(e)
- {
- childId = e.childId;
- cout<<”CopyTestChild CopyConstructor is called!”<<endl;
- }
- CopyTestChild& operator= (const CopyTestChild& e)
- {
- if (this == &e)
- return *this;
- //调用基类operator=函数
- CopyTest::operator=(e);
- childId = e.childId;
- cout<<”CopyTestChild operator= function is called!”<<endl;
- return *this;
- }
- virtual void Display()
- {
- CopyTest::Display();
- cout<<”ChildId is ”<<childId<<endl;
- }
- };
- int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- CopyTestChild test1(1, ”hehe”, 1);
- CopyTestChild test2(2, ”haha”, 2);
- cout<<”Before operator = test2 is: ”;
- test2.Display();
- test2 = test1;
- cout<<”After operator = test2 is ”;
- test2.Display();
- system(”pause”);
- return 0;
- }
// C++Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
include "stdafx.h"
include <iostream>
include <string>
using namespace std;
class CopyTest
{
private:
string name;
int id;
public:
CopyTest(int i, string n):id(i),name(n)
{
//cout<<"Construct!"<<endl;
}
~CopyTest()
{
//cout<<"No"<<id<<" "<<"Destruct!"<<endl;
}
//拷贝构造函数
CopyTest(const CopyTest& e)
{
name = e.name;
id = e.id;
cout<<"CopyTest CopyConstructor is called!"<<endl;
}
CopyTest& operator= (const CopyTest& e)
{
if (this == &e)
return *this;
name = e.name;
id = e.id;
cout<<"CopyTest operator= function is called!"<<endl;
return *this;
}
virtual void Display()
{
cout<<"name: "<<name<<" "<<"id: "<<id<<endl;
}
};
class CopyTestChild : public CopyTest
{
private:
int childId;
public:
CopyTestChild(int i, string n, int ci): CopyTest(i, n), childId(ci)
{
//cout<<”CopyTestCilid is Constructed!”<<endl;
}
~CopyTestChild()
{
}
//子类拷贝构造函数调用基类拷贝构造函数
CopyTestChild(const CopyTestChild& e) : CopyTest(e)
{
childId = e.childId;
cout<<"CopyTestChild CopyConstructor is called!"<<endl;
}
CopyTestChild& operator= (const CopyTestChild& e)
{
if (this == &e)
return *this;
//调用基类operator=函数
CopyTest::operator=(e);
childId = e.childId;
cout<<"CopyTestChild operator= function is called!"<<endl;
return *this;
}
virtual void Display()
{
CopyTest::Display();
cout<<"ChildId is "<<childId<<endl;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CopyTestChild test1(1, “hehe”, 1);
CopyTestChild test2(2, “haha”, 2);
cout<<"Before operator = test2 is: ";
test2.Display();
test2 = test1;
cout<<"After operator = test2 is ";
test2.Display();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
结果：
Before operator = test2 is: name: haha id: 2
ChildId is 2
CopyTest operator= function is called!
CopyTestChild operator= function is called!
After operator = test2 is name: hehe id: 1
ChildId is 1
请按任意键继续…
拷贝构造函数的情况：
- int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- CopyTestChild test1(1, ”hehe”, 1);
- CopyTestChild test2(test1);
- test2.Display();
- system(”pause”);
- return 0;
- }
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CopyTestChild test1(1, "hehe", 1);
CopyTestChild test2(test1);
test2.Display();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
结果：
CopyTest CopyConstructor is called!
CopyTestChild CopyConstructor is called!
name: hehe id: 1
ChildId is 1
请按任意键继续…
CopyTestChild CopyConstructor is called!
name: hehe id: 1
ChildId is 1
请按任意键继续…
这个真的很容易忽略，我们很有可能只记住了子类要拷贝的东东，而忘记了父类。
十.关于拷贝构造函数和operator=函数中相同的部分怎么处理
看到拷贝构造函数和operator=函数中有很多重复的东东，确实有种强迫症想要使一个函数调用另一个函数，但是这样做并不妥当，两者没什么太大的关系，一个是构造一个不存在的对象，另一个是给已经存在的对象赋值。要说两者的相同之处只是有一部分赋值的代码相同，我们如果确实想要优化就把这一部分代码提取出来，放到一个Init函数中，供两者调用即可。
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