C++笔记 友元函数，友元类，运算符重载

1 友元函数
在友元函数中可以访问私有属性

class A{
    friend void modify_i(A *p,int a);
private:
    int i;

public:
    A(int i){
        this->i = i;
    }

    void myprint(){
        cout << i << endl;
    }
};

//友元函数的实现，在友元函数中可以访问私有的属性
void modify_i(A *p,int a){
    p->i = a;
}

void main(){
    A *a = new A(10);
    a->myprint();

    modify_i(a,20);
    a->myprint();

    system("pause");
}

void main(){
    A *a = new A(10);
    a->myprint();

    modify_i(a,20);
    a->myprint();

    system("pause");
}

通过在类中定义友元函数，然后在外部实现，通过访问这个实现的友元函数，就可以访问类中的私有属性。

打印结果

10
20

2 友元类

class A{
    //友元类
    friend  class B;
private:
    int i;
};

class B{
public:
    //B这个友元类可以访问A类的任何成员

    void accessAny(){
        a.i = 30;
    }

private:
    A a;
};

3 运算符重载

class Point{
public:
    int x;
    int y;
public :
    Point(int x = 0,int y = 0){
        this->x = x;
        this->y = y;
    }
    void myprint(){
        cout << x << ","<<y<< endl;
    }

};

//重载+号
Point operator+(Point &p1,Point &p2){
    Point tmp(p1.x + p2.x, p1.y + p2.y);
    return tmp;
}

void main(){
    Point p1(10,20);
    Point p2(20,10);

    Point p3 = p1 + p2;

    p3.myprint();
    system("pause");
}

打印结果

30,30

4 成员函数 运算符重载

class Point{
public:
    int x;
    int y;
public:
    Point(int x = 0, int y = 0){
        this->x = x;
        this->y = y;
    }

    Point operator+(Point &p2){
        Point tmp(this->x+p2.x,this->y+p2.y);
        return tmp;
    }

    void myprint(){
        cout << x << "," << y << endl;
    }

};

void main(){
        Point p1(10,20);
        Point p2(20,10);

        Point p3 = p1 + p2;
        //p1.operator+(p2); 运算符重载，本质还是函数的调用

        p3.myprint();
        system("pause");
    }

打印结果

30,30

5 当属性私有时 通过友元函数完成运算符重载

class Point{
    friend Point operator+(Point &p1, Point &p2);

private:
    int x;
    int y;
public:
    Point(int x = 0, int y = 0){
        this->x = x;
        this->y = y;
    }

    Point operator+(Point &p2){
        Point tmp(this->x + p2.x, this->y + p2.y);
        return tmp;
    }

    void myprint(){
        cout << x << "," << y << endl;
    }

};

Point operator+(Point &p1,Point &p2){
    //此处可以访问p.x
    Point tmp(p1.x + p2.x, p1.y + p2.y);
    return tmp;
}

void main(){
    Point p1(10, 20);
    Point p2(20, 10);

    Point p3 = p1 + p2;

    p3.myprint();
    system("pause");
}

打印结果

30,30