Problem C: 不同交通工具的速度
Time Limit: 1 Sec Memory Limit: 128 MBSubmit: 1897 Solved: 874
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Description
不同交通工具的速度是不同的。针对自行车、摩托车和汽车分别建立类,来模拟这一情况。
定义Vechicle类,是所有交通工具的父类:
1. 属性int speed表示交通工具的一般速度。
2. 静态数据成员int numOfVechicles,表示创建的交通工具的数量。这个值只增不减。
3. 静态成员函数int getNumOfVechicles(),用于获取交通工具的数量。
4. 析构函数。输出“A vechicle is deleted.”
5. 纯虚函数void show().
定义Bike、MotoBike和Car三个类,它们都是Vechicle的子类,且具有:
1. 构造函数。
2. 重写show()函数,输出“A *'s speed is ? km/h.”,其中“*”是bike、motobike或car,根据所在类不同而不同。“?”是speed属性的值。
3. 析构函数。输出“A * is deleted.”,“*”的含义同上。
定义Person类,表示司机:
1. 数据成员string name,是人的姓名。
2. void drive(Vechicle&)方法,输出“$ drives”, 并调用Vechicle类的show()方法。其中“$”是name的值。
Input
第1行N>0,表示有N个测试用例。
每个测试用例包括一个不含空白符的字符串、一个字符和一个整数。
Output
见样例及题目描述。
Sample Input
3Tom B 15Jack M 50Mary C 100
Sample Output
In beginning, we have 0 vechicles.Tom drives. A bike's speed is 15km/h.A bike is deleted.A vechicle is deleted.Jack drives. A motobike's speed is 50km/h.A motobike is deleted.A vechicle is deleted.Mary drives. A car's speed is 100km/h.A car is deleted.A vechicle is deleted.At the end, we have 3 vechicles.
HINT
Append Code
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class Vechicle
{
protected:
int speed;
static int numOfVechicles;
public:
Vechicle(int s) :speed(s){ numOfVechicles++; }
static int getNumOfVechicles(){ return numOfVechicles; }
virtual ~Vechicle(){ cout << "A vechicle is deleted.\n"; }
virtual void show() = 0;
};
class Bike : public Vechicle
{
public:
Bike(int s):Vechicle(s){}
void show()
{
cout << "A bike's speed is " <<speed<< " km/h.\n";
}
~Bike()
{
cout << "A bike is deleted.\n";
}
};
class MotoBike : public Vechicle
{
public:
MotoBike(int s) :Vechicle(s){}
void show()
{
cout << "A motobike's speed is " << speed << " km/h.\n";
}
~MotoBike()
{
cout << "A motobike is deleted.\n";
}
};
class Car : public Vechicle
{
public:
Car(int s) :Vechicle(s){}
void show()
{
cout << "A car's speed is " << speed << " km/h.\n";
}
~Car()
{
cout << "A car is deleted.\n";
}
};
class Person
{
protected:
string name;
public:
void drive(Vechicle &p)
{
cout << name << " drives. ";
p.show();
}
Person(string n) :name(n){}
};
int Vechicle::numOfVechicles = 0;
int main()
{
int cases, n;
char c;
string name;
Vechicle* vechicle;
cout << "In beginning, we have " << Vechicle::getNumOfVechicles() << " vechicles." << endl;
cin >> cases;
for (int i = 0; i < cases; i++)
{
cin >> name >> c >> n;
Person person(name);
switch (c)
{
case 'B':
vechicle = new Bike(n);
break;
case 'M':
vechicle = new MotoBike(n);
break;
case 'C':
vechicle = new Car(n);
break;
}
person.drive(*vechicle);
delete vechicle;
}
cout << "At the end, we have " << Vechicle::getNumOfVechicles() << " vechicles." << endl;
return 0;
}
当父类的中函数需要被重载时需要被定义为虚拟函数
类中的静态成员变量除了在类中定义外,需要在类之外对他进行初始化;
子类继承父类之后在参数传递的时候直接把参数传递给父类,此时子类能够调用父类的成员变量。