深入理解grep

相关文章

• 【Linux】深入理解Sed
  
• 【Linux】深入理解Vim
  
• 【Linux】深入理解Shell
  

简介

GNU Grep : Print Lines that match patterns

GREP(1)                   BSD General Commands Manual                  GREP(1)

NAME
     grep, egrep, fgrep, zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep -- file pattern searcher

SYNOPSIS
     grep [-abcdDEFGHhIiJLlmnOopqRSsUVvwxZ] [-A num] [-B num] [-C[num]] [-e pattern] [-f file]
          [--binary-files=value] [--color[=when]] [--colour[=when]] [--context[=num]] [--label]
          [--line-buffered] [--null] [pattern] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
     The grep utility searches any given input files, selecting lines that match one or more
     patterns.  By default, a pattern matches an input line if the regular expression (RE) in
     the pattern matches the input line without its trailing newline.  An empty expression
     matches every line.  Each input line that matches at least one of the patterns is written
     to the standard output.

Benchmarks

bbs_list

each row is

• a computer bulletin board
• phone number
• baud rate
• a code.

 aardvark    555-5553    1200/300          B
 alpo-net    555-3412    2400/1200/300     A
 barfly      555-7685    1200/300          A
 bites       555-1675    2400/1200/300     A
 camelot     555-0542    300               C
 core        555-2912    1200/300          C
 fooey       555-1234    2400/1200/300     B
 foot        555-6699    1200/300          B
 macfoo      555-6480    1200/300          A
 sdace       555-3430    2400/1200/300     A
 sabafoo     555-2127    1200/300          C

Program

grep [option…] [patterns] [file…]

Options	备注	Demo
--help	print some usage message	grep --help
-V / --version	print version number	grep -V
-e	--regexp=patterns	grep -e aa bbs_list
-i	--ignore-case	grep -i Aa bbs_list
-v	print non-matching lines	grep -v aa bbs_list
-w	matching word	grep -w core bbs_list
-x	matching all line	grep -x ' core 555-2912 1200/300 C' bbs_list
-c	count match	grep -c '1200' bbs_list
-l	列出文件内容符合指定的样式的文件名称	grep -l '1200' bbs_list
-L	列出文件内容不符合指定的样式的文件名称	grep -l '1200' bbs_list
-m num	--max-count=num	grep -m 2 '1200' bbs_list
-A num	附带输出匹配后几行	grep -A 2 'core' bbs_list
-B num	附带输出匹配前几行	grep -B 2 'core' bbs_list
-C num	附带输出匹配前后几行	grep -C 2 'core' bbs_list
--color	高亮匹配	grep --color '555' bbs_list
GREP_COLOR=32	改变高亮颜色	GREP_COLOR=32 grep --color '555' bbs_list

eg1. --help

a123456@lucky ~ % grep --help
usage: grep [-abcDEFGHhIiJLlmnOoqRSsUVvwxZ] [-A num] [-B num] [-C[num]]
	[-e pattern] [-f file] [--binary-files=value] [--color=when]
	[--context[=num]] [--directories=action] [--label] [--line-buffered]
	[--null] [pattern] [file ...]

eg2. --version

a123456@lucky ~ % grep --version
grep (BSD grep) 2.5.1-FreeBSD

eg3. -e

a123456@lucky linux % grep -e aa bbs_list
 aardvark    555-5553    1200/300          B
a123456@lucky linux %

eg4. -i

a123456@lucky linux % grep -i Aa bbs_list 
 aardvark    555-5553    1200/300          B
a123456@lucky linux % grep Aa bbs_list 
a123456@lucky linux % 

eg5. -v

a123456@lucky linux % grep -v aa bbs_list 
 alpo-net    555-3412    2400/1200/300     A
 barfly      555-7685    1200/300          A
 bites       555-1675    2400/1200/300     A
 camelot     555-0542    300               C
 core        555-2912    1200/300          C
 fooey       555-1234    2400/1200/300     B
 foot        555-6699    1200/300          B
 macfoo      555-6480    1200/300          A
 sdace       555-3430    2400/1200/300     A
 sabafoo     555-2127    1200/300          C
a123456@lucky linux %

eg6. -w

a123456@lucky linux % grep -w core bbs_list
 core        555-2912    1200/300          C
a123456@lucky linux % grep -w co bbs_list 
a123456@lucky linux % 

eg7. -x

a123456@lucky linux % grep -x ' core        555-2912    1200/300          C' bbs_list
 core        555-2912    1200/300          C
a123456@lucky linux % grep -x co bbs_list                                            
a123456@lucky linux % 

eg8. -c

a123456@lucky linux % grep -c '1200' bbs_list
10
a123456@lucky linux %

eg9. -l

a123456@lucky linux % grep -l '1200' bbs_list
bbs_list
a123456@lucky linux %

eg10. -L

localhost:benchmarks sunquan$ grep -L '1200' bbs_list
localhost:benchmarks sunquan$ grep -L '1122' bbs_list
bbs_list
localhost:benchmarks sunquan$

eg11. -m num

localhost:benchmarks sunquan$ grep -m 2 '1200' bbs_list
aardvark    555-5553    1200/300          B
alpo-net    555-3412    2400/1200/300     A
localhost:benchmarks sunquan$

eg12. -A num

localhost:benchmarks sunquan$ grep -A 2 'core' bbs_list
core        555-2912    1200/300          C
fooey       555-1234    2400/1200/300     B
foot        555-6699    1200/300          B
localhost:benchmarks sunquan$

eg13. -B num

localhost:benchmarks sunquan$ grep -B 2 'core' bbs_list
bites       555-1675    2400/1200/300     A
camelot     555-0542    300               C
core        555-2912    1200/300          C
localhost:benchmarks sunquan$

eg14. -C num

localhost:benchmarks sunquan$ grep -C 2 'core' bbs_list
bites       555-1675    2400/1200/300     A
camelot     555-0542    300               C
core        555-2912    1200/300          C
fooey       555-1234    2400/1200/300     B
foot        555-6699    1200/300          B
localhost:benchmarks sunquan$

Color

eg15 高亮grep匹配

eg16. 更改匹配高亮颜色

30 black
31 red
32 green
33 yellow
34 blue
35 purple
36 cyan
37 white