读写改BMP格式图像

因为不想用OpenCV，其实不是不想用，而是因为安不上，linux下的配置太复杂，不是我这种渣渣能搞懂的。

因此，就得首先过图像的输入输出这一关，就以最简单的BMP格式图像为例子。

在此不得不说明一点，国内的代码环境真的很差。我搜索代码时没有一个能跑的，在github上前几个每个都写得很清晰而且简单，精致，不用改就能运行。感觉我们的氛围得落后github30年。

废话不多说，直接把代码挪过来了。

这个是头文件"BMP_RW.h"，使用的时候，直接引用就可以了。

#ifndef SIMPLEBMP_H
#define SIMPLEBMP_H

#include <vector>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>

//BMP structure infomation : http://www.cnblogs.com/xiekeli/archive/2012/05/09/2491191.html

#pragma pack(1) // For MSVC,disable struct Pack,or short will take 32bit mem as int32_t
typedef struct
{
	uint16_t bfType;
	uint32_t bfSize;
	uint16_t bfReserved1;
	uint16_t bfReserved2;
	uint32_t bfOffBits;
} ClBitMapFileHeader;

typedef struct
{
	uint32_t biSize;
	int32_t biWidth;
	int32_t biHeight;
	uint16_t biPlanes;
	uint16_t biBitCount;
	uint32_t biCompression;
	uint32_t biSizeImage;
	int32_t biXPelsPerMeter;
	int32_t biYPelsPerMeter;
	uint32_t biClrUsed;
	uint32_t biClrImportant;
} ClBitMapInfoHeader;

typedef struct
{
	uint8_t rgbBlue;
	uint8_t rgbGreen;
	uint8_t rgbRed;
	uint8_t rgbReserved;
} ClrgbMap;

class ClImgBMP
{
public:
	ClBitMapFileHeader bmpFileHeaderData;
	ClBitMapInfoHeader bmpInfoHeaderData;
	ClrgbMap colorMap[256];
	std::vector<uint8_t> imgData;

	inline bool LoadImage(const char* path);
	inline bool SaveImage(const char* path);
};
#pragma pack()// reset to default


bool ClImgBMP::LoadImage(const char* path)
{
	FILE* pFile;
	pFile = fopen(path, "rb");
	if (!pFile)
	{
		return 0;
	}
	// Processing
	fread(&bmpFileHeaderData, sizeof(ClBitMapFileHeader), 1, pFile);
	if (bmpFileHeaderData.bfType == 0x4D42) // Check is it an RGB file
	{
		// Get Channel num of a pixel
		int channels = 0;
		fread(&bmpInfoHeaderData, sizeof(ClBitMapInfoHeader), 1, pFile);
		if (bmpInfoHeaderData.biBitCount == 8)// grayscale format
		{

			channels = 1;
			fread(&colorMap, sizeof(ClrgbMap), 256, pFile);
		}
		else if (bmpInfoHeaderData.biBitCount == 24)// RGB format
		{
			channels = 3;
		}
		// Get offset of every scanline,length(scanline)=length(pixel)+offset
		int offset = 0;
		int linelength = bmpInfoHeaderData.biWidth * channels;
		offset = linelength % 4;
		if (offset > 0)
		{
			offset = 4 - offset;
		}
		// Read Pixel
		uint8_t pixVal;
		for (int i = 0; i < bmpInfoHeaderData.biHeight; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < linelength; j++)
			{
				fread(&pixVal, sizeof(uint8_t), 1, pFile);
				imgData.push_back(pixVal);
			}
			for (int k = 0; k < offset; k++)
			{
				fread(&pixVal, sizeof(uint8_t), 1, pFile);
			}
		}
	}
	else
	{
		return false;
	}


	fclose(pFile);
	return true;
}

bool ClImgBMP::SaveImage(const char* path)
{
	FILE* pFile;
	pFile = fopen(path, "wb");
	if (!pFile)
	{
		return 0;
	}

	// Processing
	fwrite(&bmpFileHeaderData, sizeof(ClBitMapFileHeader), 1, pFile);
	fwrite(&bmpInfoHeaderData, sizeof(ClBitMapInfoHeader), 1, pFile);
	// Get Channel num of a pixel
	int channels = 0;
	if (bmpInfoHeaderData.biBitCount == 8)
	{
		channels = 1;
		fwrite(&colorMap, sizeof(ClrgbMap), 256, pFile);
	}
	else if (bmpInfoHeaderData.biBitCount == 24)
	{
		channels = 3;
	}
	// Get offset of every scanline,length(scanline)=length(pixel)+offset
	int offset = 0;
	int linelength = bmpInfoHeaderData.biWidth * channels;
	offset = (channels * bmpInfoHeaderData.biWidth) % 4;
	if (offset > 0)
	{
		offset = 4 - offset;
	}
	// Write Pixel
	uint8_t pixVal;
	std::vector<uint8_t>::iterator iter = imgData.begin();
	for (int i = 0; i < bmpInfoHeaderData.biHeight; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < linelength; j++)
		{
			pixVal = *iter;
			fwrite(&pixVal, sizeof(uint8_t), 1, pFile);
			iter += 1;
		}
		pixVal = 0;
		for (int k = 0; k < offset; k++)
		{
			fwrite(&pixVal, sizeof(uint8_t), 1, pFile);
		}
	}
	fclose(pFile);
	return true;
}


#endif

具体用法是这个样子的，我稍微改了以下Demo，以便更清晰的看出来怎么改像素BGR：

#include "BMP_RW.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

void red(uint8_t * iterbeg, uint8_t * iterend){
    int numofpixal = iterend - iterbeg;int i;
    for(i=0;i<numofpixal;i++){
        if(i%3==0)iterbeg[i]=0;///Blue
        else if(i%3==1)iterbeg[i]=0;///Green
        else if(i%3==2)iterbeg[i]=255;///Red
        else iterbeg[i]=255;///reserved
    }
}


int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
	if (argc == 1) {
		return 0;
	}
	ClImgBMP grayscale_img;
	grayscale_img.LoadImage(argv[1]);
	red(&grayscale_img.imgData[0], &grayscale_img.imgData[0]+grayscale_img.imgData.size());

	string path = argv[1];
	path.insert(path.size() - 4, "[otsu]");
	grayscale_img.SaveImage(path.c_str());
	return 1;
}

左图是原图，右图是输出的图。