装饰者模式（修饰者模式）

这里涉及到装饰者与被装饰者。所谓装饰者与被装饰者，就是被装饰者通过装饰者装饰，原有功能得到扩展，而本身代码不会发生变化。

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简单的理解就是在原有对象上包装一层附件动作，且保持包装完后的对象与被包装者属于同一个类族，但是额外附加了该包装类所特定的动作。

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首先定义一个抽象的类——>Drink，抽象出饮料的价格和名称：

public abstract class Drink {
    public String name;
    public double price;

    public abstract double calcaTotalPrice();
    public abstract String getAllName();

    public Drink(){
    }
    public Drink(double price, String name) {
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
    }
    setter & getter ...
}

接着定义一个被装饰者——>Coffee：

// 被装饰者
public class Coffee extends Drink {
    @Override
    public double calcaTotalPrice() {
        return this.price;
    }

    public Coffee() {
    }   
    public Coffee(double price, String name) {
        super(price, name);
    }

    public String getAllName() {
        return this.getName();
    }
}

然后定义一个装饰者——Milk：

public class Milk extends Drink {
    private Drink drink;
    public Milk() {
    }
    public Milk(double price, String name, Drink drink) {
        super(price, name);
        this.drink = drink;
    }
    @Override
    public double calcaTotalPrice() {
        return this.price + this.drink.calcaTotalPrice();
    }
    @Override
    public String getAllName() {
        return this.getName() + " " + this.drink.getAllName();
    }
    public Drink getDrink() {
        return drink;
    }
    public void setDrink(Drink drink) {
        this.drink = drink;
    }
}

一图胜千言，同理，一句代码胜过一通乱**。测试类如下：

public class TestMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Coffee coffee = new Coffee(10, "咖啡");
        System.err.println(coffee.calcaTotalPrice());

        Milk milk = new Milk(5, "香蕉牛奶", coffee);
        System.err.println(milk.calcaTotalPrice());

        Milk milk1 = new Milk(3, "草莓牛奶", milk);
        System.err.println(milk1.calcaTotalPrice());

        System.err.println(milk1.getAllName());
    }
}

运行结果：
10.0
15.0
18.0
草莓牛奶 香蕉牛奶 咖啡