我曾经以为应该用继承处理一切。后来领教到运行时扩展,远比编译时期的继承威力大。
本章可以称为“给爱用继承的人一个全新的设计眼界”。我们即将再度探讨典型的继承滥用问题。在本章将会学到如何使用对象组合的方式,做到在运行时装饰类。一旦你熟悉了装饰的技巧,你讲能在不修改任何底层代码的情况下,给你的(或别人的)对象赋予新的职责。
如果仅仅使用继承,那么关系将会如下图:
由于业务的扩展产生很多的子类,所以我们可以通过修饰模式,从而进行组合扩展。
代码实现如下:
package decorater;
public interface ICar {
void move();
}
package decorater; public class Car implements ICar { @Override public void move() { System.out.println("陆地上跑"); } }
package decorater; public class SuperCar implements ICar { protected ICar car; public SuperCar(ICar car) { this.car = car; } @Override public void move() { car.move(); } }
package decorater.superCar; import decorater.ICar; import decorater.SuperCar; public class AICar extends SuperCar { public AICar(ICar car) { super(car); } @Override public void move() { super.move(); System.out.println("智能遥控"); } }
package decorater.superCar; import decorater.ICar; import decorater.SuperCar; public class FlyCar extends SuperCar{ public FlyCar(ICar car) { super(car); } @Override public void move() { super.move(); System.out.println("天上飞"); } }
package decorater.superCar; import decorater.ICar; import decorater.SuperCar; public class WaterCar extends SuperCar { public WaterCar(ICar car) { super(car); } @Override public void move() { super.move(); System.out.println("水上游"); } }
package decorater; import decorater.superCar.AICar; import decorater.superCar.FlyCar; import decorater.superCar.WaterCar; public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { ICar car = new Car(); car.move(); System.out.println("+++++++++++普通车++++++++++++++"); WaterCar waterCar = new WaterCar(car); waterCar.move(); System.out.println("+++++++++++水上游的超跑++++++++++++++"); AICar aiCar = new AICar(waterCar); aiCar.move(); System.out.println("+++++++++++人工智能的水上游超跑++++++++++++++"); SuperCar superCar = new FlyCar(aiCar); superCar.move(); System.out.println("+++++++++++集齐所有功能的超跑++++++++++++++"); } }
结果:
陆地上跑
+++++++++++普通车++++++++++++++
陆地上跑
水上游
+++++++++++水上游的超跑++++++++++++++
陆地上跑
水上游
智能遥控
+++++++++++人工智能的水上游超跑++++++++++++++
陆地上跑
水上游
智能遥控
天上飞
+++++++++++集齐所有功能的超跑++++++++++++++