一singleton概念
在iOS开发中,单例是最有用的设计模式之一。它是在代码间共享数据而不需要手动传递参数的一种最有用的方法。单例顾名思义就是说一个类的实例只能有一个。在IOS可以运用在多个界面进行传值。
二singleton设计要点
1)类只能有一个实例
2)类本身自行创建这个实例
3)必须自行向整个系统提供这个实例
4)将有可以改变实例的方法进行重写
如:
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone*)zone;
+(id)allocWithZone:(NSZone*)zone;
-(id)retain;
-(NSUInteger) retainCount;
-(oneway void)release;
-(id)autorelease;
5)方法必须是静态类方法
示例:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
#import "monkey.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Person *p = [Person new];
[p run];
monkey *m = [monkey new];
[m run];
}
return 0;
}
// SingletonTools.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface SingletonTools : NSObject<NSCopying>
@property (nonatomic,assign) int test;
+(instancetype)shareInstances;
@end
/****************************************/
// SingletonTools.m
#import "SingletonTools.h"
static SingletonTools *instances = nil;
@implementation SingletonTools
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone*)zone{
return self;
}
+(id)allocWithZone:(NSZone*)zone{
@synchronized(self) {//线程保护
if (instances == nil) {
instances = [super allocWithZone:zone];
return instances;
}
}
return instances;
}
-(id)retain{
return self;
}
-(NSUInteger)retainCount{
return NSUIntegerMax;
}
-(oneway void)release{
}
-(id)autorelease{
return self;
}
+(instancetype)shareInstances{
if(instances == nil){
//创建一个对象
instances = [[SingletonTools alloc] init];
return instances;
}
return instances;
}
@end
//
// Person.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Person : NSObject
-(void)run;
@end
/****************************************/
// Person.m
#import "Person.h"
#import "SingletonTools.h"
@implementation Person
-(void)run{
//创建单例对象
SingletonTools *st = [SingletonTools shareInstances];
st.test = 500;
}
@end
// monkey.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface monkey : NSObject
-(void)run;
@end
/****************************************/
// monkey.m
#import "monkey.h"
#import "SingletonTools.h"
@implementation monkey
-(void)run{
SingletonTools *st = [SingletonTools shareInstances];
NSLog(@"st.test = %d",st.test);
}
@end
单例示意图: