学习目标:
通过案例完成对结构的巩固:巩固结构体和数组,结构体赋值,地址传递用数组接收;巩固随机数的产生。
学习内容:
1.地址作为实参的情况
在函数传值时,传入数组名,相当于传入地址,要么用指针接收要么用数组接收
使用数组接收
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
string id;
};
void print(struct Student s[], int len)//使用数组接收,利用地址偏移来完成遍历
{
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
cout << "name:" <<s[i].name << "\tage:" << s[i].age << "\tid:" << s[i].id << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
struct Student s[2] =
{
{"jack",18,"003" },
{"tom",19,"005"}
};
int len = sizeof(s) / sizeof(s[0]);
print(s, len);//传入数组名,相当于传入首地址
system("pause");
return 0;
}
使用指针接收
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
string id;
};
void print(struct Student* p, int len)
{
for(int i =0; i<len;i++)
{
cout << "name:" << p->name<<"\tage:"<<p->age<<"\tid:"<<p->id << endl;
p++;
}
}
int main()
{
struct Student s[2] =
{
{"jack",18,"003" },
{"tom",19,"005"}
};
int len = sizeof(s) / sizeof(s[0]);
print(s, len);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
2.示例一
案例描述:3位老师给5名学生打分,设计老师和学生的结构体,其中在老师的结构体中有老师的姓名和存放5名学生的数组;在学生的结构体中包括学生姓名和分数。通过创建函数给老师和所对应的学生赋值,并通过函数打印输出
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Student
{
string stu_name;
int scores;
};//注意该处有分号
struct Teacher
{
string tea_name;
struct Student s[5];
};
//给老师分配学生
void Allocatespace(struct Teacher* p, int len)
{
string name_seed = "ABCDE";
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
p->tea_name = "techer_";
p->tea_name += name_seed[i];
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
p->s[j].stu_name = "student_";
p->s[j].stu_name += name_seed[j];
int random = rand() % 20 + 80;
p->s[j].scores = random;
}
p++;//主要要递增!!!!!!!!!!!!!
}
}
//打印输出整个信息
void Printinfo(struct Teacher t[], int len)
{
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
cout << "老师姓名:" << t[i].tea_name << endl;
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
cout << "学生姓名:" << t[i].s[j].stu_name << "**" << "学生的成绩:" << t[i].s[j].scores << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
struct Teacher t[3];
int len = sizeof(t) / sizeof(t[0]);
Allocatespace(t, len);
Printinfo(t, len);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
定义结构体
主函数结构
分配函数
打印输出信息
最终结果展示
3.示例二
案例描述:设计一个英雄的结构体,包括姓名、年龄;创建结构体数组,含有5个成员;通过冒泡排序的算法升序排序;打印输出
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Hero
{
string name;
int age;
};
void Sort(struct Hero h[], int len)
{
for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < len - i - 1; j++)
{
if (h[j].age > h[j + 1].age)
{
struct Hero temp = h[j];
h[j] = h[j + 1];
h[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
void Print(struct Hero h[], int len)
{
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
cout << h[i].name << "\t" << h[i].age << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
struct Hero h[5] =
{
{"张三",56},
{"李四",35},
{"王五",24},
{"赵六",52},
{"陈七",39}
};
int len = sizeof(h) / sizeof(h[0]);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
cout << h[i].name << "\t" << h[i].age << endl;
};
Sort(h,len);
cout << "************" << endl;;
Print(h, len);
system("pause");
return 0;
}