socket layer

Linux socket 层处于应用层与协议层之间，为应用层提供访问接口，对协议层进行抽象，屏蔽各协议间的差异。

数据结构

struct socket {
	socket_state		state;
	short			type;
	unsigned long		flags;
	struct file		*file;
	struct sock		*sk;
	const struct proto_ops	*ops;
	struct socket_wq	wq;
};

sk：指向协议层sock
ops: 协议相关的一组操作集
file: 将socket与文件系统关联起来。

应用层接口

共有20个系统调用接口，下面列出其中部分

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(socket, int, family, int, type, int, protocol)
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(bind, int, fd, struct sockaddr __user *, umyaddr, int, addrlen)
SYSCALL_DEFINE2(listen, int, fd, int, backlog)
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(accept, int, fd, struct sockaddr __user *, upeer_sockaddr,int __user *, upeer_addrlen)
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(connect, int, fd, struct sockaddr __user *, uservaddr,int, addrlen)
SYSCALL_DEFINE6(sendto, int, fd, void __user *, buff, size_t, len,unsigned int, flags, struct sockaddr__user *, addr,int, addr_len)
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(send, int, fd, void __user *, buff, size_t, len,unsigned int, flags)
SYSCALL_DEFINE6(recvfrom, int, fd, void __user *, ubuf, size_t, size,unsigned int, flags, struct sockaddr __user *, addr,int __user *, addr_len)
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(recv, int, fd, void __user *, ubuf, size_t, size,unsigned int, flags)
SYSCALL_DEFINE5(setsockopt, int, fd, int, level, int, optname,char __user *, optval, int, optlen)
SYSCALL_DEFINE5(getsockopt, int, fd, int, level, int, optname,char __user *, optval, int __user *, optlen)

协议层接口

int sock_register(const struct net_proto_family *ops)
void sock_unregister(int family)

各协议簇（AF_INET/AF_INET6/AF_UNIX….）初始化时，会通过sock_register注册 struct net_proto_family结构体，其定义如下：

struct net_proto_family {
	int		family;
	int		(*create)(struct net *net, struct socket *sock,
				  int protocol, int kern);
	struct module	*owner;
};

如AF_INET协议簇定义：

static const struct net_proto_family inet_family_ops = {
	.family = PF_INET,
	.create = inet_create,
	.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
};

这些struct net_proto_family结构体最终保存在如下数组里，在创建SOCKET时，根椐family参数选择对应的create函数。

Socket Layer初始化

static int __init sock_init(void)
{
	#Initialize the network sysctl infrastructure.
	err = net_sysctl_init();
	if (err)
		goto out;
	/*
	 *      Initialize skbuff SLAB cache
	 */
	skb_init();
	/*
	 *      Initialize the protocols module.
	 */
	init_inodecache();
	err = register_filesystem(&sock_fs_type);
	if (err)
		goto out;
	sock_mnt = kern_mount(&sock_fs_type);
	if (IS_ERR(sock_mnt)) {
		err = PTR_ERR(sock_mnt);
		goto out_mount;
	}
	/* The real protocol initialization is performed in later initcalls.
	 */
#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
	err = netfilter_init();
	if (err)
		goto out;
#endif
	ptp_classifier_init();
out:
	return err;
out_mount:
	unregister_filesystem(&sock_fs_type);
	goto out;
}