理解lexeme, syntax, semantic in Compiler

• Lexeme

  A lexeme is a unit of lexical meaning that underlies a set of words that are related through inflection.

  It is a basic abstract unit of meaning, a unit of morphological analysis in linguistics that roughly corresponds to a set of forms taken by a single root word.

  For example, in english, run, runs, ran and running are forms of the same lexeme, which can be represented as RUN.

• Lexical

  Lexical semantics is a subfield of linguistic semantics.

  From Merriam-Webster, the word lexicon can be used as a synonym of dictionary, and the word lexicography refers to the practice of dictionary making.

  Both of these words, as well as lexical, derive from the Greek word lexis, meaning “word” or “speech”.

  Definition of lexical:

  1. of or relating to words or the vocabulary of a language as distinguished from its grammer and construction;
  2. of or relating to a lexicon or to lexicography;

• Syntax

  Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, usually including word order.

• Semantic

  Semantics is the study of meaning, reference, or truth.

  The term can be used to refer to subfields of several distinct disciplines, including philosophy, linguistics, and computer science.