YOLOv7目标检测-训练参数1-命令行参数介绍

教程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ve4y157pC/?p=2&vd_source=759a4e59a9e315c4575a2b4d97dfae44

train.py

import argparse
import logging
import math
import os
import random
import time
from copy import deepcopy
from pathlib import Path
from threading import Thread

import numpy as np
import torch.distributed as dist
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
import torch.optim.lr_scheduler as lr_scheduler
import torch.utils.data
import yaml
from torch.cuda import amp
from torch.nn.parallel import DistributedDataParallel as DDP
from tensorboardX import SummaryWriter
from tqdm import tqdm

import test  # import test.py to get mAP after each epoch
from models.experimental import attempt_load
from models.yolo import Model
from utils.autoanchor import check_anchors
from utils.datasets import create_dataloader
from utils.general import labels_to_class_weights, increment_path, labels_to_image_weights, init_seeds, \
    fitness, strip_optimizer, get_latest_run, check_dataset, check_file, check_git_status, check_img_size, \
    check_requirements, print_mutation, set_logging, one_cycle, colorstr
from utils.google_utils import attempt_download
from utils.loss import ComputeLoss, ComputeLossOTA
from utils.plots import plot_images, plot_labels, plot_results, plot_evolution
from utils.torch_utils import ModelEMA, select_device, intersect_dicts, torch_distributed_zero_first, is_parallel
from utils.wandb_logging.wandb_utils import WandbLogger, check_wandb_resume

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def train(hyp, opt, device, tb_writer=None):
    logger.info(colorstr('hyperparameters: ') + ', '.join(f'{k}={v}' for k, v in hyp.items()))
    save_dir, epochs, batch_size, total_batch_size, weights, rank = \
        Path(opt.save_dir), opt.epochs, opt.batch_size, opt.total_batch_size, opt.weights, opt.global_rank

    # Directories
    wdir = save_dir / 'weights'
    wdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)  # make dir
    last = wdir / 'last.pt'
    best = wdir / 'best.pt'
    results_file = save_dir / 'results.txt'

    # Save run settings
    with open(save_dir / 'hyp.yaml', 'w') as f:
        yaml.dump(hyp, f, sort_keys=False)
    with open(save_dir / 'opt.yaml', 'w') as f:
        yaml.dump(vars(opt), f, sort_keys=False)

    # Configure
    plots = not opt.evolve  # create plots
    cuda = device.type != 'cpu'
    init_seeds(2 + rank)
    with open(opt.data) as f:
        data_dict = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.SafeLoader)  # data dict
    is_coco = opt.data.endswith('coco.yaml')

    # Logging- Doing this before checking the dataset. Might update data_dict
    loggers = {'wandb': None}  # loggers dict
    if rank in [-1, 0]:
        opt.hyp = hyp  # add hyperparameters
        run_id = torch.load(weights).get('wandb_id') if weights.endswith('.pt') and os.path.isfile(weights) else None
        wandb_logger = WandbLogger(opt, Path(opt.save_dir).stem, run_id, data_dict)
        loggers['wandb'] = wandb_logger.wandb
        data_dict = wandb_logger.data_dict
        if wandb_logger.wandb:
            weights, epochs, hyp = opt.weights, opt.epochs, opt.hyp  # WandbLogger might update weights, epochs if resuming

    nc = 1 if opt.single_cls else int(data_dict['nc'])  # number of classes
    names = ['item'] if opt.single_cls and len(data_dict['names']) != 1 else data_dict['names']  # class names
    assert len(names) == nc, '%g names found for nc=%g dataset in %s' % (len(names), nc, opt.data)  # check

    # Model
    pretrained = weights.endswith('.pt')
    if pretrained:
        with torch_distributed_zero_first(rank):
            attempt_download(weights)  # download if not found locally
        ckpt = torch.load(weights, map_location=device)  # load checkpoint
        model = Model(opt.cfg or ckpt['model'].yaml, ch=3, nc=nc, anchors=hyp.get('anchors')).to(device)  # create
        exclude = ['anchor'] if (opt.cfg or hyp.get('anchors')) and not opt.resume else []  # exclude keys
        state_dict = ckpt['model'].float().state_dict()  # to FP32
        state_dict = intersect_dicts(state_dict, model.state_dict(), exclude=exclude)  # intersect
        model.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=False)  # load
        logger.info('Transferred %g/%g items from %s' % (len(state_dict), len(model.state_dict()), weights))  # report
    else:
        model = Model(opt.cfg, ch=3, nc=nc, anchors=hyp.get('anchors')).to(device)  # create
    with torch_distributed_zero_first(rank):
        check_dataset(data_dict)  # check
    train_path = data_dict['train']
    test_path = data_dict['val']

    # Freeze
    freeze = []  # parameter names to freeze (full or partial)
    for k, v in model.named_parameters():
        v.requires_grad = True  # train all layers
        if any(x in k for x in freeze):
            print('freezing %s' % k)
            v.requires_grad = False

    # Optimizer
    nbs = 4  # nominal batch size
    accumulate = max(round(nbs / total_batch_size), 1)  # accumulate loss before optimizing
    hyp['weight_decay'] *= total_batch_size * accumulate / nbs  # scale weight_decay
    logger.info(f"Scaled weight_decay = {hyp['weight_decay']}")

    pg0, pg1, pg2 = [], [], []  # optimizer parameter groups
    for k, v in model.named_modules():
        if hasattr(v, 'bias') and isinstance(v.bias, nn.Parameter):
            pg2.append(v.bias)  # biases
        if isinstance(v, nn.BatchNorm2d):
            pg0.append(v.weight)  # no decay
        elif hasattr(v, 'weight') and isinstance(v.weight, nn.Parameter):
            pg1.append(v.weight)  # apply decay
        if hasattr(v, 'im'):
            if hasattr(v.im, 'implicit'):           
                pg0.append(v.im.implicit)
            else:
                for iv in v.im:
                    pg0.append(iv.implicit)
        if hasattr(v, 'imc'):
            if hasattr(v.imc, 'implicit'):           
                pg0.append(v.imc.implicit)
            else:
                for iv in v.imc:
                    pg0.append(iv.implicit)
        if hasattr(v, 'imb'):
            if hasattr(v.imb, 'implicit'):           
                pg0.append(v.imb.implicit)
            else:
                for iv in v.imb:
                    pg0.append(iv.implicit)
        if hasattr(v, 'imo'):
            if hasattr(v.imo, 'implicit'):           
                pg0.append(v.imo.implicit)
            else:
                for iv in v.imo:
                    pg0.append(iv.implicit)
        if hasattr(v, 'ia'):
            if hasattr(v.ia, 'implicit'):           
                pg0.append(v.ia.implicit)
            else:
                for iv in v.ia:
                    pg0.append(iv.implicit)
        if hasattr(v, 'attn'):
            if hasattr(v.attn, 'logit_scale'):   
                pg0.append(v.attn.logit_scale)
            if hasattr(v.attn, 'q_bias'):   
                pg0.append(v.attn.q_bias)
            if hasattr(v.attn, 'v_bias'):  
                pg0.append(v.attn.v_bias)
            if hasattr(v.attn, 'relative_position_bias_table'):  
                pg0.append(v.attn.relative_position_bias_table)
        if hasattr(v, 'rbr_dense'):
            if hasattr(v.rbr_dense, 'weight_rbr_origin'):  
                pg0.append(v.rbr_dense.weight_rbr_origin)
            if hasattr(v.rbr_dense, 'weight_rbr_avg_conv'): 
                pg0.append(v.rbr_dense.weight_rbr_avg_conv)
            if hasattr(v.rbr_dense, 'weight_rbr_pfir_conv'):  
                pg0.append(v.rbr_dense.weight_rbr_pfir_conv)
            if hasattr(v.rbr_dense, 'weight_rbr_1x1_kxk_idconv1'): 
                pg0.append(v.rbr_dense.weight_rbr_1x1_kxk_idconv1)
            if hasattr(v.rbr_dense, 'weight_rbr_1x1_kxk_conv2'):   
                pg0.append(v.rbr_dense.weight_rbr_1x1_kxk_conv2)
            if hasattr(v.rbr_dense, 'weight_rbr_gconv_dw'):   
                pg0.append(v.rbr_dense.weight_rbr_gconv_dw)
            if hasattr(v.rbr_dense, 'weight_rbr_gconv_pw'):   
                pg0.append(v.rbr_dense.weight_rbr_gconv_pw)
            if hasattr(v.rbr_dense, 'vector'):   
                pg0.append(v.rbr_dense.vector)

    if opt.adam:
        optimizer = optim.Adam(pg0, lr=hyp['lr0'], betas=(hyp['momentum'], 0.999))  # adjust beta1 to momentum
    else:
        optimizer = optim.SGD(pg0, lr=hyp['lr0'], momentum=hyp['momentum'], nesterov=True)

    optimizer.add_param_group({'params': pg1, 'weight_decay': hyp['weight_decay']})  # add pg1 with weight_decay
    optimizer.add_param_group({'params': pg2})  # add pg2 (biases)
    logger.info('Optimizer groups: %g .bias, %g conv.weight, %g other' % (len(pg2), len(pg1), len(pg0)))
    del pg0, pg1, pg2

    # Scheduler https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.01187.pdf
    # https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/_modules/torch/optim/lr_scheduler.html#OneCycleLR
    if opt.linear_lr:
        lf = lambda x: (1 - x / (epochs - 1)) * (1.0 - hyp['lrf']) + hyp['lrf']  # linear
    else:
        lf = one_cycle(1, hyp['lrf'], epochs)  # cosine 1->hyp['lrf']
    scheduler = lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, lr_lambda=lf)
    # plot_lr_scheduler(optimizer, scheduler, epochs)

    # EMA
    ema = ModelEMA(model) if rank in [-1, 0] else None

    # Resume
    start_epoch, best_fitness = 0, 0.0
    if pretrained:
        # Optimizer
        if ckpt['optimizer'] is not None:
            optimizer.load_state_dict(ckpt['optimizer'])
            best_fitness = ckpt['best_fitness']

        # EMA
        if ema and ckpt.get('ema'):
            ema.ema.load_state_dict(ckpt['ema'].float().state_dict())
            ema.updates = ckpt['updates']

        # Results
        if ckpt.get('training_results') is not None:
            results_file.write_text(ckpt['training_results'])  # write results.txt

        # Epochs
        start_epoch = ckpt['epoch'] + 1
        if opt.resume:
            assert start_epoch > 0, '%s training to %g epochs is finished, nothing to resume.' % (weights, epochs)
        if epochs < start_epoch:
            logger.info('%s has been trained for %g epochs. Fine-tuning for %g additional epochs.' %
                        (weights, ckpt['epoch'], epochs))
            epochs += ckpt['epoch']  # finetune additional epochs

        del ckpt, state_dict

    # Image sizes
    gs = max(int(model.stride.max()), 32)  # grid size (max stride)
    nl = model.model[-1].nl  # number of detection layers (used for scaling hyp['obj'])
    imgsz, imgsz_test = [check_img_size(x, gs) for x in opt.img_size]  # verify imgsz are gs-multiples

    # DP mode
    if cuda and rank == -1 and torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
        model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model)

    # SyncBatchNorm
    if opt.sync_bn and cuda and rank != -1:
        model = torch.nn.SyncBatchNorm.convert_sync_batchnorm(model).to(device)
        logger.info('Using SyncBatchNorm()')

    # Trainloader
    dataloader, dataset = create_dataloader(train_path, imgsz, batch_size, gs, opt,
                                            hyp=hyp, augment=True, cache=opt.cache_images, rect=opt.rect, rank=rank,
                                            world_size=opt.world_size, workers=opt.workers,
                                            image_weights=opt.image_weights, quad=opt.quad, prefix=colorstr('train: '))
    mlc = np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0)[:, 0].max()  # max label class
    nb = len(dataloader)  # number of batches
    assert mlc < nc, 'Label class %g exceeds nc=%g in %s. Possible class labels are 0-%g' % (mlc, nc, opt.data, nc - 1)

    # Process 0
    if rank in [-1, 0]:
        testloader = create_dataloader(test_path, imgsz_test, batch_size * 2, gs, opt,  # testloader
                                       hyp=hyp, cache=opt.cache_images and not opt.notest, rect=True, rank=-1,
                                       world_size=opt.world_size, workers=opt.workers,
                                       pad=0.5, prefix=colorstr('val: '))[0]

        if not opt.resume:
            labels = np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0)
            c = torch.tensor(labels[:, 0])  # classes
            # cf = torch.bincount(c.long(), minlength=nc) + 1.  # frequency
            # model._initialize_biases(cf.to(device))
            if plots:
                #plot_labels(labels, names, save_dir, loggers)
                if tb_writer:
                    tb_writer.add_histogram('classes', c, 0)

            # Anchors
            if not opt.noautoanchor:
                check_anchors(dataset, model=model, thr=hyp['anchor_t'], imgsz=imgsz)
            model.half().float()  # pre-reduce anchor precision

    # DDP mode
    if cuda and rank != -1:
        model = DDP(model, device_ids=[opt.local_rank], output_device=opt.local_rank,
                    # nn.MultiheadAttention incompatibility with DDP https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/26698
                    find_unused_parameters=any(isinstance(layer, nn.MultiheadAttention) for layer in model.modules()))

    # Model parameters
    hyp['box'] *= 3. / nl  # scale to layers
    hyp['cls'] *= nc / 80. * 3. / nl  # scale to classes and layers
    hyp['obj'] *= (imgsz / 640) ** 2 * 3. / nl  # scale to image size and layers
    hyp['label_smoothing'] = opt.label_smoothing
    model.nc = nc  # attach number of classes to model
    model.hyp = hyp  # attach hyperparameters to model
    model.gr = 1.0  # iou loss ratio (obj_loss = 1.0 or iou)
    model.class_weights = labels_to_class_weights(dataset.labels, nc).to(device) * nc  # attach class weights
    model.names = names

    # Start training
    t0 = time.time()
    nw = max(round(hyp['warmup_epochs'] * nb), 1000)  # number of warmup iterations, max(3 epochs, 1k iterations)
    # nw = min(nw, (epochs - start_epoch) / 2 * nb)  # limit warmup to < 1/2 of training
    maps = np.zeros(nc)  # mAP per class
    results = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)  # P, R, mAP@.5, mAP@.5-.95, val_loss(box, obj, cls)
    scheduler.last_epoch = start_epoch - 1  # do not move
    scaler = amp.GradScaler(enabled=cuda)
    compute_loss_ota = ComputeLossOTA(model)  # init loss class
    compute_loss = ComputeLoss(model)  # init loss class
    logger.info(f'Image sizes {imgsz} train, {imgsz_test} test\n'
                f'Using {dataloader.num_workers} dataloader workers\n'
                f'Logging results to {save_dir}\n'
                f'Starting training for {epochs} epochs...')
    torch.save(model, wdir / 'init.pt')
    for epoch in range(start_epoch, epochs):  # epoch ------------------------------------------------------------------
        model.train()

        # Update image weights (optional)
        if opt.image_weights:
            # Generate indices
            if rank in [-1, 0]:
                cw = model.class_weights.cpu().numpy() * (1 - maps) ** 2 / nc  # class weights
                iw = labels_to_image_weights(dataset.labels, nc=nc, class_weights=cw)  # image weights
                dataset.indices = random.choices(range(dataset.n), weights=iw, k=dataset.n)  # rand weighted idx
            # Broadcast if DDP
            if rank != -1:
                indices = (torch.tensor(dataset.indices) if rank == 0 else torch.zeros(dataset.n)).int()
                dist.broadcast(indices, 0)
                if rank != 0:
                    dataset.indices = indices.cpu().numpy()

        # Update mosaic border
        # b = int(random.uniform(0.25 * imgsz, 0.75 * imgsz + gs) // gs * gs)
        # dataset.mosaic_border = [b - imgsz, -b]  # height, width borders

        mloss = torch.zeros(4, device=device)  # mean losses
        if rank != -1:
            dataloader.sampler.set_epoch(epoch)
        pbar = enumerate(dataloader)
        logger.info(('\n' + '%10s' * 8) % ('Epoch', 'gpu_mem', 'box', 'obj', 'cls', 'total', 'labels', 'img_size'))
        if rank in [-1, 0]:
            pbar = tqdm(pbar, total=nb)  # progress bar
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        for i, (imgs, targets, paths, _) in pbar:  # batch -------------------------------------------------------------
            ni = i + nb * epoch  # number integrated batches (since train start)
            imgs = imgs.to(device, non_blocking=True).float() / 255.0  # uint8 to float32, 0-255 to 0.0-1.0

            # Warmup
            if ni <= nw:
                xi = [0, nw]  # x interp
                # model.gr = np.interp(ni, xi, [0.0, 1.0])  # iou loss ratio (obj_loss = 1.0 or iou)
                accumulate = max(1, np.interp(ni, xi, [1, nbs / total_batch_size]).round())
                for j, x in enumerate(optimizer.param_groups):
                    # bias lr falls from 0.1 to lr0, all other lrs rise from 0.0 to lr0
                    x['lr'] = np.interp(ni, xi, [hyp['warmup_bias_lr'] if j == 2 else 0.0, x['initial_lr'] * lf(epoch)])
                    if 'momentum' in x:
                        x['momentum'] = np.interp(ni, xi, [hyp['warmup_momentum'], hyp['momentum']])

            # Multi-scale
            if opt.multi_scale:
                sz = random.randrange(imgsz * 0.5, imgsz * 1.5 + gs) // gs * gs  # size
                sf = sz / max(imgs.shape[2:])  # scale factor
                if sf != 1:
                    ns = [math.ceil(x * sf / gs) * gs for x in imgs.shape[2:]]  # new shape (stretched to gs-multiple)
                    imgs = F.interpolate(imgs, size=ns, mode='bilinear', align_corners=False)

            # Forward
            with amp.autocast(enabled=cuda):
                pred = model(imgs)  # forward
                loss, loss_items = compute_loss_ota(pred, targets.to(device), imgs)  # loss scaled by batch_size
                if rank != -1:
                    loss *= opt.world_size  # gradient averaged between devices in DDP mode
                if opt.quad:
                    loss *= 4.

            # Backward
            scaler.scale(loss).backward()

            # Optimize
            if ni % accumulate == 0:
                scaler.step(optimizer)  # optimizer.step
                scaler.update()
                optimizer.zero_grad()
                if ema:
                    ema.update(model)

            # Print
            if rank in [-1, 0]:
                mloss = (mloss * i + loss_items) / (i + 1)  # update mean losses
                mem = '%.3gG' % (torch.cuda.memory_reserved() / 1E9 if torch.cuda.is_available() else 0)  # (GB)
                s = ('%10s' * 2 + '%10.4g' * 6) % (
                    '%g/%g' % (epoch, epochs - 1), mem, *mloss, targets.shape[0], imgs.shape[-1])
                pbar.set_description(s)

                # Plot
                if plots and ni < 10:
                    f = save_dir / f'train_batch{ni}.jpg'  # filename
                    Thread(target=plot_images, args=(imgs, targets, paths, f), daemon=True).start()
                    # if tb_writer:
                    #     tb_writer.add_image(f, result, dataformats='HWC', global_step=epoch)
                    #     tb_writer.add_graph(torch.jit.trace(model, imgs, strict=False), [])  # add model graph
                elif plots and ni == 10 and wandb_logger.wandb:
                    wandb_logger.log({"Mosaics": [wandb_logger.wandb.Image(str(x), caption=x.name) for x in
                                                  save_dir.glob('train*.jpg') if x.exists()]})

            # end batch ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        # end epoch ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        # Scheduler
        lr = [x['lr'] for x in optimizer.param_groups]  # for tensorboard
        scheduler.step()

        # DDP process 0 or single-GPU
        if rank in [-1, 0]:
            # mAP
            ema.update_attr(model, include=['yaml', 'nc', 'hyp', 'gr', 'names', 'stride', 'class_weights'])
            final_epoch = epoch + 1 == epochs
            if not opt.notest or final_epoch:  # Calculate mAP
                wandb_logger.current_epoch = epoch + 1
                results, maps, times = test.test(data_dict,
                                                 batch_size=batch_size * 2,
                                                 imgsz=imgsz_test,
                                                 model=ema.ema,
                                                 single_cls=opt.single_cls,
                                                 dataloader=testloader,
                                                 save_dir=save_dir,
                                                 verbose=nc < 50 and final_epoch,
                                                 plots=plots and final_epoch,
                                                 wandb_logger=wandb_logger,
                                                 compute_loss=compute_loss,
                                                 is_coco=is_coco)

            # Write
            with open(results_file, 'a') as f:
                f.write(s + '%10.4g' * 7 % results + '\n')  # append metrics, val_loss
            if len(opt.name) and opt.bucket:
                os.system('gsutil cp %s gs://%s/results/results%s.txt' % (results_file, opt.bucket, opt.name))

            # Log
            tags = ['train/box_loss', 'train/obj_loss', 'train/cls_loss',  # train loss
                    'metrics/precision', 'metrics/recall', 'metrics/mAP_0.5', 'metrics/mAP_0.5:0.95',
                    'val/box_loss', 'val/obj_loss', 'val/cls_loss',  # val loss
                    'x/lr0', 'x/lr1', 'x/lr2']  # params
            for x, tag in zip(list(mloss[:-1]) + list(results) + lr, tags):
                if tb_writer:
                    tb_writer.add_scalar(tag, x, epoch)  # tensorboard
                if wandb_logger.wandb:
                    wandb_logger.log({tag: x})  # W&B

            # Update best mAP
            fi = fitness(np.array(results).reshape(1, -1))  # weighted combination of [P, R, mAP@.5, mAP@.5-.95]
            if fi > best_fitness:
                best_fitness = fi
            wandb_logger.end_epoch(best_result=best_fitness == fi)

            # Save model
            if (not opt.nosave) or (final_epoch and not opt.evolve):  # if save
                ckpt = {'epoch': epoch,
                        'best_fitness': best_fitness,
                        'training_results': results_file.read_text(),
                        'model': deepcopy(model.module if is_parallel(model) else model).half(),
                        'ema': deepcopy(ema.ema).half(),
                        'updates': ema.updates,
                        'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict(),
                        'wandb_id': wandb_logger.wandb_run.id if wandb_logger.wandb else None}

                # Save last, best and delete
                torch.save(ckpt, last)
                if best_fitness == fi:
                    torch.save(ckpt, best)
                if (best_fitness == fi) and (epoch >= 200):
                    torch.save(ckpt, wdir / 'best_{:03d}.pt'.format(epoch))
                if epoch == 0:
                    torch.save(ckpt, wdir / 'epoch_{:03d}.pt'.format(epoch))
                elif ((epoch+1) % 25) == 0:
                    torch.save(ckpt, wdir / 'epoch_{:03d}.pt'.format(epoch))
                elif epoch >= (epochs-5):
                    torch.save(ckpt, wdir / 'epoch_{:03d}.pt'.format(epoch))
                if wandb_logger.wandb:
                    if ((epoch + 1) % opt.save_period == 0 and not final_epoch) and opt.save_period != -1:
                        wandb_logger.log_model(
                            last.parent, opt, epoch, fi, best_model=best_fitness == fi)
                del ckpt

        # end epoch ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # end training
    if rank in [-1, 0]:
        # Plots
        if plots:
            plot_results(save_dir=save_dir)  # save as results.png
            if wandb_logger.wandb:
                files = ['results.png', 'confusion_matrix.png', *[f'{x}_curve.png' for x in ('F1', 'PR', 'P', 'R')]]
                wandb_logger.log({"Results": [wandb_logger.wandb.Image(str(save_dir / f), caption=f) for f in files
                                              if (save_dir / f).exists()]})
        # Test best.pt
        logger.info('%g epochs completed in %.3f hours.\n' % (epoch - start_epoch + 1, (time.time() - t0) / 3600))
        if opt.data.endswith('coco.yaml') and nc == 80:  # if COCO
            for m in (last, best) if best.exists() else (last):  # speed, mAP tests
                results, _, _ = test.test(opt.data,
                                          batch_size=batch_size * 2,
                                          imgsz=imgsz_test,
                                          conf_thres=0.001,
                                          iou_thres=0.7,
                                          model=attempt_load(m, device).half(),
                                          single_cls=opt.single_cls,
                                          dataloader=testloader,
                                          save_dir=save_dir,
                                          save_json=True,
                                          plots=False,
                                          is_coco=is_coco)

        # Strip optimizers
        final = best if best.exists() else last  # final model
        for f in last, best:
            if f.exists():
                strip_optimizer(f)  # strip optimizers
        if opt.bucket:
            os.system(f'gsutil cp {final} gs://{opt.bucket}/weights')  # upload
        if wandb_logger.wandb and not opt.evolve:  # Log the stripped model
            wandb_logger.wandb.log_artifact(str(final), type='model',
                                            name='run_' + wandb_logger.wandb_run.id + '_model',
                                            aliases=['last', 'best', 'stripped'])
        wandb_logger.finish_run()
    else:
        dist.destroy_process_group()
    torch.cuda.empty_cache()
    return results


if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('--weights', type=str, default='D:/pytorch-yolov7-main/yolov7.pt', help='initial weights path')  # 要加载的预训练模型
    parser.add_argument('--cfg', type=str, default='D:/pytorch-yolov7-main/cfg/training/yolov7.yaml', help='model.yaml path')   # 网络结构的yaml文件
    parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default='data/voc.yaml', help='data.yaml path')
    parser.add_argument('--hyp', type=str, default='data/hyp.scratch.p5.yaml', help='hyperparameters path')
    parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=100)
    parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=2, help='total batch size for all GPUs')
    parser.add_argument('--img-size', nargs='+', type=int, default=[320, 320], help='[train, test] image sizes')
    parser.add_argument('--rect', action='store_true', help='rectangular training')     # 选择是否经过一个矩形训练，正常经过resize得到的是(640, 640)，可能你得到的是个长方形，矩形训练就是补零
    parser.add_argument('--resume', nargs='?', const=True, default=False, help='resume most recent training')   # 是否继续断点运行
    parser.add_argument('--nosave', action='store_true', help='only save final checkpoint') # 不保存
    parser.add_argument('--notest', action='store_true', help='only test final epoch')  # 不做测试
    parser.add_argument('--noautoanchor', action='store_true', help='disable autoanchor check') # 不进行自动anchor的调整，一般都要保存，测试，自动调整anchor
    parser.add_argument('--evolve', action='store_true', help='evolve hyperparameters') # 这个不需要，进化，就是说你的超参数是否合理，对超参数重新迭代，这个过程很慢
    parser.add_argument('--bucket', type=str, default='', help='gsutil bucket')     # 与下载相关，不需要
    parser.add_argument('--cache-images', action='store_true', help='cache images for faster training')     # 是否提前把数据缓存到内存当中
    parser.add_argument('--image-weights', action='store_true', help='use weighted image selection for training')   # 图像权重，经常识别错的图像算损失函数的时候权重大一些
    parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')   # 指定设备，单卡多卡都可以
    parser.add_argument('--multi-scale', action='store_true', help='vary img-size +/- 50%%')    # 每个几次迭代是否需要把你的输入图像大小改变一下，比如640变成480，这个需要根据自己的任务来删去或保存
    parser.add_argument('--single-cls', action='store_true', help='train multi-class data as single-class')     # 是否是多个类别的训练，这个不用指定？
    parser.add_argument('--adam', action='store_true', help='use torch.optim.Adam() optimizer') # 是否使用adam，教程是用的是sgd
    parser.add_argument('--sync-bn', action='store_true', help='use SyncBatchNorm, only available in DDP mode') # 是否用跨卡的bn，分部时可加上
    parser.add_argument('--local_rank', type=int, default=-1, help='DDP parameter, do not modify')
    parser.add_argument('--workers', type=int, default=4, help='maximum number of dataloader workers')  # 如果报错，改成0，没报错根据设备性能调整
    parser.add_argument('--project', default='runs/train', help='save to project/name')     # 保存的路径
    parser.add_argument('--entity', default=None, help='W&B entity')    # 这是做可视化相关的东西
    parser.add_argument('--name', default='exp', help='save to project/name')   # 保存的名字，这个和上面两个都不用改
    parser.add_argument('--exist-ok', action='store_true', help='existing project/name ok, do not increment')   # 是否覆盖，不用改
    parser.add_argument('--quad', action='store_true', help='quad dataloader')  # 这个改了之后普遍会让结果下降，如果图像比较大可能需要指定，小于640的就不用指定了。
    parser.add_argument('--linear-lr', action='store_true', help='linear LR')   # 学习率的衰减，是否做线性衰减
    parser.add_argument('--label-smoothing', type=float, default=0.0, help='Label smoothing epsilon')   # 标签平滑
    parser.add_argument('--upload_dataset', action='store_true', help='Upload dataset as W&B artifact table')   # 与上传和wnb相关的，做一些日志和可视化展示用到的
    parser.add_argument('--bbox_interval', type=int, default=-1, help='Set bounding-box image logging interval for W&B')    # 也是做日志的展示
    parser.add_argument('--save_period', type=int, default=-1, help='Log model after every "save_period" epoch')    # 自己指定，隔多少次保存，默认是保存最后一次和最好的那次
    parser.add_argument('--artifact_alias', type=str, default="latest", help='version of dataset artifact to be used')  # 跟数据集展示相关的，用不上
#    parser.add_argument('--freeze', nargs="+", type=int, default=[0], help='Freeze layers: backbone of yolov7=50, first3=0 1 2')# 表示冻住某些层，一般冻住前几层，一般都不加
    opt = parser.parse_args()

    # Set DDP variables
    opt.world_size = int(os.environ['WORLD_SIZE']) if 'WORLD_SIZE' in os.environ else 1
    opt.global_rank = int(os.environ['RANK']) if 'RANK' in os.environ else -1
    set_logging(opt.global_rank)
    #if opt.global_rank in [-1, 0]:
    #    check_git_status()
    #    check_requirements()

    # Resume
    wandb_run = check_wandb_resume(opt)
    if opt.resume and not wandb_run:  # resume an interrupted run
        ckpt = opt.resume if isinstance(opt.resume, str) else get_latest_run()  # specified or most recent path
        assert os.path.isfile(ckpt), 'ERROR: --resume checkpoint does not exist'
        apriori = opt.global_rank, opt.local_rank
        with open(Path(ckpt).parent.parent / 'opt.yaml') as f:
            opt = argparse.Namespace(**yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.SafeLoader))  # replace
        opt.cfg, opt.weights, opt.resume, opt.batch_size, opt.global_rank, opt.local_rank = '', ckpt, True, opt.total_batch_size, *apriori  # reinstate
        logger.info('Resuming training from %s' % ckpt)
    else:
        # opt.hyp = opt.hyp or ('hyp.finetune.yaml' if opt.weights else 'hyp.scratch.yaml')
        opt.data, opt.cfg, opt.hyp = check_file(opt.data), check_file(opt.cfg), check_file(opt.hyp)  # check files
        assert len(opt.cfg) or len(opt.weights), 'either --cfg or --weights must be specified'
        opt.img_size.extend([opt.img_size[-1]] * (2 - len(opt.img_size)))  # extend to 2 sizes (train, test)
        opt.name = 'evolve' if opt.evolve else opt.name
        opt.save_dir = increment_path(Path(opt.project) / opt.name, exist_ok=opt.exist_ok | opt.evolve)  # increment run

    # DDP mode
    opt.total_batch_size = opt.batch_size
    device = select_device(opt.device, batch_size=opt.batch_size)
    if opt.local_rank != -1:
        assert torch.cuda.device_count() > opt.local_rank
        torch.cuda.set_device(opt.local_rank)
        device = torch.device('cuda', opt.local_rank)
        dist.init_process_group(backend='nccl', init_method='env://')  # distributed backend
        assert opt.batch_size % opt.world_size == 0, '--batch-size must be multiple of CUDA device count'
        opt.batch_size = opt.total_batch_size // opt.world_size

    # Hyperparameters
    with open(opt.hyp) as f:
        hyp = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.SafeLoader)  # load hyps

    # Train
    logger.info(opt)
    if not opt.evolve:
        tb_writer = None  # init loggers
        if opt.global_rank in [-1, 0]:
            prefix = colorstr('tensorboard: ')
            logger.info(f"{prefix}Start with 'tensorboard --logdir {opt.project}', view at http://localhost:6006/")
            tb_writer = SummaryWriter(opt.save_dir)  # Tensorboard
        train(hyp, opt, device, tb_writer)

    # Evolve hyperparameters (optional)
    else:
        # Hyperparameter evolution metadata (mutation scale 0-1, lower_limit, upper_limit)
        meta = {'lr0': (1, 1e-5, 1e-1),  # initial learning rate (SGD=1E-2, Adam=1E-3)
                'lrf': (1, 0.01, 1.0),  # final OneCycleLR learning rate (lr0 * lrf)
                'momentum': (0.3, 0.6, 0.98),  # SGD momentum/Adam beta1
                'weight_decay': (1, 0.0, 0.001),  # optimizer weight decay
                'warmup_epochs': (1, 0.0, 5.0),  # warmup epochs (fractions ok)
                'warmup_momentum': (1, 0.0, 0.95),  # warmup initial momentum
                'warmup_bias_lr': (1, 0.0, 0.2),  # warmup initial bias lr
                'box': (1, 0.02, 0.2),  # box loss gain
                'cls': (1, 0.2, 4.0),  # cls loss gain
                'cls_pw': (1, 0.5, 2.0),  # cls BCELoss positive_weight
                'obj': (1, 0.2, 4.0),  # obj loss gain (scale with pixels)
                'obj_pw': (1, 0.5, 2.0),  # obj BCELoss positive_weight
                'iou_t': (0, 0.1, 0.7),  # IoU training threshold
                'anchor_t': (1, 2.0, 8.0),  # anchor-multiple threshold
                'anchors': (2, 2.0, 10.0),  # anchors per output grid (0 to ignore)
                'fl_gamma': (0, 0.0, 2.0),  # focal loss gamma (efficientDet default gamma=1.5)
                'hsv_h': (1, 0.0, 0.1),  # image HSV-Hue augmentation (fraction)
                'hsv_s': (1, 0.0, 0.9),  # image HSV-Saturation augmentation (fraction)
                'hsv_v': (1, 0.0, 0.9),  # image HSV-Value augmentation (fraction)
                'degrees': (1, 0.0, 45.0),  # image rotation (+/- deg)
                'translate': (1, 0.0, 0.9),  # image translation (+/- fraction)
                'scale': (1, 0.0, 0.9),  # image scale (+/- gain)
                'shear': (1, 0.0, 10.0),  # image shear (+/- deg)
                'perspective': (0, 0.0, 0.001),  # image perspective (+/- fraction), range 0-0.001
                'flipud': (1, 0.0, 1.0),  # image flip up-down (probability)
                'fliplr': (0, 0.0, 1.0),  # image flip left-right (probability)
                'mosaic': (1, 0.0, 1.0),  # image mixup (probability)
                'mixup': (1, 0.0, 1.0)}  # image mixup (probability)

        assert opt.local_rank == -1, 'DDP mode not implemented for --evolve'
        opt.notest, opt.nosave = True, True  # only test/save final epoch
        # ei = [isinstance(x, (int, float)) for x in hyp.values()]  # evolvable indices
        yaml_file = Path(opt.save_dir) / 'hyp_evolved.yaml'  # save best result here
        if opt.bucket:
            os.system('gsutil cp gs://%s/evolve.txt .' % opt.bucket)  # download evolve.txt if exists

        for _ in range(300):  # generations to evolve
            if Path('evolve.txt').exists():  # if evolve.txt exists: select best hyps and mutate
                # Select parent(s)
                parent = 'single'  # parent selection method: 'single' or 'weighted'
                x = np.loadtxt('evolve.txt', ndmin=2)
                n = min(5, len(x))  # number of previous results to consider
                x = x[np.argsort(-fitness(x))][:n]  # top n mutations
                w = fitness(x) - fitness(x).min()  # weights
                if parent == 'single' or len(x) == 1:
                    # x = x[random.randint(0, n - 1)]  # random selection
                    x = x[random.choices(range(n), weights=w)[0]]  # weighted selection
                elif parent == 'weighted':
                    x = (x * w.reshape(n, 1)).sum(0) / w.sum()  # weighted combination

                # Mutate
                mp, s = 0.8, 0.2  # mutation probability, sigma
                npr = np.random
                npr.seed(int(time.time()))
                g = np.array([x[0] for x in meta.values()])  # gains 0-1
                ng = len(meta)
                v = np.ones(ng)
                while all(v == 1):  # mutate until a change occurs (prevent duplicates)
                    v = (g * (npr.random(ng) < mp) * npr.randn(ng) * npr.random() * s + 1).clip(0.3, 3.0)
                for i, k in enumerate(hyp.keys()):  # plt.hist(v.ravel(), 300)
                    hyp[k] = float(x[i + 7] * v[i])  # mutate

            # Constrain to limits
            for k, v in meta.items():
                hyp[k] = max(hyp[k], v[1])  # lower limit
                hyp[k] = min(hyp[k], v[2])  # upper limit
                hyp[k] = round(hyp[k], 5)  # significant digits

            # Train mutation
            results = train(hyp.copy(), opt, device)

            # Write mutation results
            print_mutation(hyp.copy(), results, yaml_file, opt.bucket)

        # Plot results
        plot_evolution(yaml_file)
        print(f'Hyperparameter evolution complete. Best results saved as: {yaml_file}\n'
              f'Command to train a new model with these hyperparameters: $ python train.py --hyp {yaml_file}')

命令行参数介绍

if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('--weights', type=str, default='D:/pytorch-yolov7-main/yolov7.pt', help='initial weights path')  
    # 要加载的预训练模型
    parser.add_argument('--cfg', type=str, default='D:/pytorch-yolov7-main/cfg/training/yolov7.yaml', help='model.yaml path')   
    # 网络结构的yaml文件
    parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default='data/voc.yaml', help='data.yaml path')
    parser.add_argument('--hyp', type=str, default='data/hyp.scratch.p5.yaml', help='hyperparameters path')
    parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=100)
    parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=2, help='total batch size for all GPUs')
    parser.add_argument('--img-size', nargs='+', type=int, default=[320, 320], help='[train, test] image sizes')
    parser.add_argument('--rect', action='store_true', help='rectangular training')     
    # 选择是否经过一个矩形训练，正常经过resize得到的是(640, 640)，可能你得到的是个长方形，矩形训练就是补零
    parser.add_argument('--resume', nargs='?', const=True, default=False, help='resume most recent training')   
    # 是否继续断点运行
    parser.add_argument('--nosave', action='store_true', help='only save final checkpoint') 
    # 不保存
    parser.add_argument('--notest', action='store_true', help='only test final epoch')  
    # 不做测试
    parser.add_argument('--noautoanchor', action='store_true', help='disable autoanchor check') 
    # 不进行自动anchor的调整，一般都要保存，测试，自动调整anchor
    parser.add_argument('--evolve', action='store_true', help='evolve hyperparameters') 
    # 这个不需要，进化，就是说你的超参数是否合理，对超参数重新迭代，这个过程很慢
    parser.add_argument('--bucket', type=str, default='', help='gsutil bucket')     
    # 与下载相关，不需要
    parser.add_argument('--cache-images', action='store_true', help='cache images for faster training')     # 是否提前把数据缓存到内存当中
    parser.add_argument('--image-weights', action='store_true', help='use weighted image selection for training')   
    # 图像权重，经常识别错的图像算损失函数的时候权重大一些
    parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')   
    # 指定设备，单卡多卡都可以
    parser.add_argument('--multi-scale', action='store_true', help='vary img-size +/- 50%%')    
    # 每个几次迭代是否需要把你的输入图像大小改变一下，比如640变成480，这个需要根据自己的任务来删去或保存
    parser.add_argument('--single-cls', action='store_true', help='train multi-class data as single-class')     
    # 是否是多个类别的训练，这个不用指定？
    parser.add_argument('--adam', action='store_true', help='use torch.optim.Adam() optimizer') 
    # 是否使用adam，教程是用的是sgd
    parser.add_argument('--sync-bn', action='store_true', help='use SyncBatchNorm, only available in DDP mode') 
    # 是否用跨卡的bn，分部时可加上
    parser.add_argument('--local_rank', type=int, default=-1, help='DDP parameter, do not modify')
    parser.add_argument('--workers', type=int, default=4, help='maximum number of dataloader workers')  
    # 如果报错，改成0，没报错根据设备性能调整
    parser.add_argument('--project', default='runs/train', help='save to project/name')     
    # 保存的路径
    parser.add_argument('--entity', default=None, help='W&B entity')    
    # 这是做可视化相关的东西
    parser.add_argument('--name', default='exp', help='save to project/name')   
    # 保存的名字，这个和上面两个都不用改
    parser.add_argument('--exist-ok', action='store_true', help='existing project/name ok, do not increment')   
    # 是否覆盖，不用改
    parser.add_argument('--quad', action='store_true', help='quad dataloader')  
    # 这个改了之后普遍会让结果下降，如果图像比较大可能需要指定，小于640的就不用指定了。
    parser.add_argument('--linear-lr', action='store_true', help='linear LR')   
    # 学习率的衰减，是否做线性衰减
    parser.add_argument('--label-smoothing', type=float, default=0.0, help='Label smoothing epsilon')   
    # 标签平滑
    parser.add_argument('--upload_dataset', action='store_true', help='Upload dataset as W&B artifact table')   
    # 与上传和wnb相关的，做一些日志和可视化展示用到的
    parser.add_argument('--bbox_interval', type=int, default=-1, help='Set bounding-box image logging interval for W&B')    
    # 也是做日志的展示
    parser.add_argument('--save_period', type=int, default=-1, help='Log model after every "save_period" epoch')    
    # 自己指定，隔多少次保存，默认是保存最后一次和最好的那次
    parser.add_argument('--artifact_alias', type=str, default="latest", help='version of dataset artifact to be used')  
    # 跟数据集展示相关的，用不上
    parser.add_argument('--freeze', nargs="+", type=int, default=[0], help='Freeze layers: backbone of yolov7=50, first3=0 1 2')
    # 表示冻住某些层，一般冻住前几层，一般都不加
    opt = parser.parse_args()

一般指定前几个就可以了。
if name == ‘main’:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument(‘–weights’, type=str, default=‘D:/pytorch-yolov7-main/yolov7.pt’, help=‘initial weights path’) # 要加载的预训练模型
parser.add_argument(‘–cfg’, type=str, default=‘D:/pytorch-yolov7-main/cfg/training/yolov7.yaml’, help=‘model.yaml path’) # 网络结构的yaml文件
parser.add_argument(‘–data’, type=str, default=‘data/voc.yaml’, help=‘data.yaml path’)
parser.add_argument(‘–hyp’, type=str, default=‘data/hyp.scratch.p5.yaml’, help=‘hyperparameters path’)
parser.add_argument(‘–epochs’, type=int, default=100)
parser.add_argument(‘–batch-size’, type=int, default=2, help=‘total batch size for all GPUs’)
parser.add_argument(‘–img-size’, nargs=‘+’, type=int, default=[320, 320], help=‘[train, test] image sizes’)
parser.add_argument(‘–rect’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘rectangular training’) # 选择是否经过一个矩形训练，正常经过resize得到的是(640, 640)，可能你得到的是个长方形，矩形训练就是补零
parser.add_argument(‘–resume’, nargs=‘?’, const=True, default=False, help=‘resume most recent training’) # 是否继续断点运行
parser.add_argument(‘–nosave’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘only save final checkpoint’) # 不保存
parser.add_argument(‘–notest’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘only test final epoch’) # 不做测试
parser.add_argument(‘–noautoanchor’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘disable autoanchor check’) # 不进行自动anchor的调整，一般都要保存，测试，自动调整anchor
parser.add_argument(‘–evolve’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘evolve hyperparameters’) # 这个不需要，进化，就是说你的超参数是否合理，对超参数重新迭代，这个过程很慢
parser.add_argument(‘–bucket’, type=str, default=‘’, help=‘gsutil bucket’) # 与下载相关，不需要
parser.add_argument(‘–cache-images’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘cache images for faster training’) # 是否提前把数据缓存到内存当中
parser.add_argument(‘–image-weights’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘use weighted image selection for training’) # 图像权重，经常识别错的图像算损失函数的时候权重大一些
parser.add_argument(‘–device’, default=‘’, help=‘cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu’) # 指定设备，单卡多卡都可以
parser.add_argument(‘–multi-scale’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘vary img-size +/- 50%%’) # 每个几次迭代是否需要把你的输入图像大小改变一下，比如640变成480，这个需要根据自己的任务来删去或保存
parser.add_argument(‘–single-cls’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘train multi-class data as single-class’) # 是否是多个类别的训练，这个不用指定？
parser.add_argument(‘–adam’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘use torch.optim.Adam() optimizer’) # 是否使用adam，教程是用的是sgd
parser.add_argument(‘–sync-bn’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘use SyncBatchNorm, only available in DDP mode’) # 是否用跨卡的bn，分部时可加上
parser.add_argument(‘–local_rank’, type=int, default=-1, help=‘DDP parameter, do not modify’)
parser.add_argument(‘–workers’, type=int, default=4, help=‘maximum number of dataloader workers’) # 如果报错，改成0，没报错根据设备性能调整
parser.add_argument(‘–project’, default=‘runs/train’, help=‘save to project/name’) # 保存的路径
parser.add_argument(‘–entity’, default=None, help=‘W&B entity’) # 这是做可视化相关的东西
parser.add_argument(‘–name’, default=‘exp’, help=‘save to project/name’) # 保存的名字，这个和上面两个都不用改
parser.add_argument(‘–exist-ok’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘existing project/name ok, do not increment’) # 是否覆盖，不用改
parser.add_argument(‘–quad’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘quad dataloader’) # 这个改了之后普遍会让结果下降，如果图像比较大可能需要指定，小于640的就不用指定了。
parser.add_argument(‘–linear-lr’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘linear LR’) # 学习率的衰减，是否做线性衰减
parser.add_argument(‘–label-smoothing’, type=float, default=0.0, help=‘Label smoothing epsilon’) # 标签平滑
parser.add_argument(‘–upload_dataset’, action=‘store_true’, help=‘Upload dataset as W&B artifact table’) # 与上传和wnb相关的，做一些日志和可视化展示用到的
parser.add_argument(‘–bbox_interval’, type=int, default=-1, help=‘Set bounding-box image logging interval for W&B’) # 也是做日志的展示
parser.add_argument(‘–save_period’, type=int, default=-1, help=‘Log model after every “save_period” epoch’) # 自己指定，隔多少次保存，默认是保存最后一次和最好的那次
parser.add_argument(‘–artifact_alias’, type=str, default=“latest”, help=‘version of dataset artifact to be used’) # 跟数据集展示相关的，用不上
parser.add_argument(‘–freeze’, nargs=“+”, type=int, default=[0], help=‘Freeze layers: backbone of yolov7=50, first3=0 1 2’)# 表示冻住某些层，一般冻住前几层，一般都不加
opt = parser.parse_args()