内容参考于《21天学通C++》(第八版)
不去纠结C++的原理和细节,从C的角度去学习C++,再通过C++项目去加深理解
二.析构函数
1. 示例1
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
class MyString
{
private:
char* buffer;
public:
MyString(const char* initString) // constructor
{
if (initString != NULL)
{
buffer = new char[strlen(initString) + 1];
strcpy(buffer, initString);
}
else
buffer = NULL;
}
~MyString()
{
cout << "Invoking destructor, clearing up" << endl;
if (buffer != NULL)
delete[] buffer;
}
int GetLength()
{
return strlen(buffer);
}
const char* GetString()
{
return buffer;
}
};
int main()
{
MyString sayHello("Hello from String Class");
cout << "String buffer in sayHello is " << sayHello.GetLength();
cout << " characters long" << endl;
cout << "Buffer contains: " << sayHello.GetString() << endl;
}
运行结果
String buffer in sayHello is 23 characters long
Buffer contains: Hello from String Class
Invoking destructor, clearing up
main( )执行完毕时,将自动调用析构函数~MyString( ),输出证明了,执行析构函数中 cout 语句的输出。
2. 示例2-禁止在栈中实例化的类
class MonsterDB
{
private:
~MonsterDB(); // private destructor
//... members that consume a huge amount of data
};
int main()
{
MonsterDB myDatabase; // compile error
// … more code
return 0;
}
上述代码试图在栈上创建实例。退栈时,将弹出栈中的所有对象,因此编译器需要在 main( )末尾调用析构函数~MonsterDB(),但这个析构函数是私有的,即不可用,因此上述语句将导致编译错误。
可是以下代码却能编译通过,但是纯在内存泄漏:
int main()
{
MonsterDB* myDatabase = new MonsterDB(); // no error
// … more code
return 0;
}
为了解决这种问题,需要在 MonsterDB 类中提供一个销毁实例的静态公有函数(作为类成员,它能够调用析构
函数):
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class MonsterDB
{
private:
~MonsterDB() {}; // private destructor prevents instances on stack
public:
static void DestroyInstance(MonsterDB* pInstance)
{
delete pInstance; // member can invoke private destructor
}
void DoSomething() {} // sample empty member method
};
int main()
{
MonsterDB * myDB = new MonsterDB(); // on heap
myDB->DoSomething();
// uncomment next line to see compile failure
// delete myDB; // private destructor cannot be invoked
// use static member to release memory
MonsterDB::DestroyInstance(myDB);
return 0;
}