Java：去噪，灰度化，二值化，去除干扰线或干扰点

看注释就行，是否去除一个像素点根据实际需求判定

package com.vanadis.vap.utils;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ImgUtils {

    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ImgUtils.class);

    public static void convert(String source, String result) {

        File imageFile = new File(source);
        try {
            ImageProcessing(imageFile, "d:/");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.warn("图像处理失败！");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        String formatName = "png";
        try {
            File f = new File(source);
            f.canRead();
            BufferedImage src = ImageIO.read(f);
            ImageIO.write(src, formatName, new File(result));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.warn("图像类型转换失败！");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void ImageProcessing(File sfile, String destDir) throws IOException {
        File destF = new File(destDir);
        if (!destF.exists()) {
            destF.mkdirs();
        }

        BufferedImage bufferedImage = ImageIO.read(sfile);
        int h = bufferedImage.getHeight();
        int w = bufferedImage.getWidth();

        // 灰度化
        int[][] gray = new int[w][h];
        for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
                int argb = bufferedImage.getRGB(x, y);
                // 图像加亮（调整亮度识别率非常高）
                int r = (int) (((argb >> 16) & 0xFF) * 1.1 + 30);
                int g = (int) (((argb >> 8) & 0xFF) * 1.1 + 30);
                int b = (int) (((argb >> 0) & 0xFF) * 1.1 + 30);
                if (r >= 255) {
                    r = 255;
                }
                if (g >= 255) {
                    g = 255;
                }
                if (b >= 255) {
                    b = 255;
                }

                //此处根据实际需要进行设定阈值
                gray[x][y] = (int) Math.pow((
                        Math.pow(r, 2.2) * 0.2973
                                + Math.pow(g, 2.2) * 0.6274
                                + Math.pow(b, 2.2) * 0.0753), 1 / 2.2);
            }
        }

        // 二值化
        int threshold = ostu(gray, w, h);
        BufferedImage binaryBufferedImage = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_BINARY);
        for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
                if (gray[x][y] > threshold) {
                    gray[x][y] |= 0x00FFFF;
                } else {
                    gray[x][y] &= 0xFF0000;
                }
                binaryBufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, gray[x][y]);
            }
        }

        //去除干扰点 或 干扰线（运用八领域，即像素周围八个点判定，根据实际需要判定）
        for (int y = 1; y < h - 1; y++) {
            for (int x = 1; x < w - 1; x++) {

                boolean lineFlag = false;//去除线判定
                int pointflagNum = 0;//去除点判定

                if (isBlack(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y))) {
                    //左右像素点为"白"即空时，去掉此点
                    if (isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x - 1, y)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x + 1, y))) {
                        lineFlag = true;
                        pointflagNum += 2;
                    }
                    //上下像素点为"白"即空时，去掉此点
                    if (isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y + 1)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y - 1))) {
                        lineFlag = true;
                        pointflagNum += 2;
                    }
                    //斜上像素点为"白"即空时，去掉此点
                    if (isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x - 1, y + 1)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x + 1, y - 1))) {
                        lineFlag = true;
                        pointflagNum += 2;
                    }
                    if (isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x + 1, y + 1)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x - 1, y - 1))) {
                        lineFlag = true;
                        pointflagNum += 2;
                    }
                    //去除干扰线
                    if (lineFlag) {
//                        /binaryBufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, -1);
                    }
                    //去除干扰点
                    if (pointflagNum > 3) {
                        binaryBufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, -1);
                    }
                }
            }
        }


        // 矩阵打印
        for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
                if (isBlack(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y))) {
                    System.out.print("*");
                } else {
                    System.out.print(" ");
                }
            }
            System.out.println();
        }

        ImageIO.write(binaryBufferedImage, "jpg", new File(destDir, sfile
                .getName()));
    }

    public static boolean isBlack(int colorInt) {
        Color color = new Color(colorInt);
        if (color.getRed() + color.getGreen() + color.getBlue() <= 300) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static boolean isWhite(int colorInt) {
        Color color = new Color(colorInt);
        if (color.getRed() + color.getGreen() + color.getBlue() > 300) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static int isBlackOrWhite(int colorInt) {
        if (getColorBright(colorInt) < 30 || getColorBright(colorInt) > 730) {
            return 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }

    public static int getColorBright(int colorInt) {
        Color color = new Color(colorInt);
        return color.getRed() + color.getGreen() + color.getBlue();
    }

    public static int ostu(int[][] gray, int w, int h) {
        int[] histData = new int[w * h];
        // Calculate histogram
        for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
                int red = 0xFF & gray[x][y];
                histData[red]++;
            }
        }

        // Total number of pixels
        int total = w * h;

        float sum = 0;
        for (int t = 0; t < 256; t++)
            sum += t * histData[t];

        float sumB = 0;
        int wB = 0;
        int wF = 0;

        float varMax = 0;
        int threshold = 0;

        for (int t = 0; t < 256; t++) {
            wB += histData[t]; // Weight Background
            if (wB == 0)
                continue;

            wF = total - wB; // Weight Foreground
            if (wF == 0)
                break;

            sumB += (float) (t * histData[t]);

            float mB = sumB / wB; // Mean Background
            float mF = (sum - sumB) / wF; // Mean Foreground

            // Calculate Between Class Variance
            float varBetween = (float) wB * (float) wF * (mB - mF) * (mB - mF);

            // Check if new maximum found
            if (varBetween > varMax) {
                varMax = varBetween;
                threshold = t;
            }
        }

        return threshold;
    }
}