HCIP——OSPF综合实验

本文详细描述了一次实验,涉及在ISP环境中配置IP地址,划分OSPF区域,使用MGRE技术减少LSA更新,优化OSPF协议配置,实现快速收敛,并进行路由汇总、区域认证和NAT设置,以保证网络的安全性和效率。
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1.实验目的

  1. R4为ISP,其上只能配置IP地址,R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP
  2. R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点
  3. 整个OSPF环境基于172.16.0.0/16划分,
  4. 所有设备均可访问a4的环回
  5. 减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全
  6. 全网可达


2.实验步骤


第一步——规划IP


172.16.0.0/17----OSPF

 

172.16.128.0/17---RIP

172.16.0.0/2----Area 0

172.16.0.0/24---MGRE

172.16.1.0/24---R3

172.16.2.0/24---R5

172.16.3.0/24---R6

172.16.4.0/24---R7
172.16.16.0/20---Area 1

172.16.16.0/24---骨干

172.16.17.0/24

172.16.18.0/24

172.16.32.0/20---Area 2

172.16.48.0/20---Area 3

172.16.64.0/20---Area 4

172.16.88.0/20

172.16.96.0/20
第二步 配置IP


(1)配置IP,缺省,环回

AR1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.1 29

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.17.1 24

 

 AR2 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.2 29

[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.18.1 24

AR3
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.3 29

[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24

[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.19.1 24

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4

ISP(R4)

[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.4 24

[ISP-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.4 24

[ISP-Serial4/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.4 24

[ISP-Serial3/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.4 24

AR5
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.5 24

[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.1 24

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

AR6
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.6 24

[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.32.1 30

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4

AR7
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.7 24

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.48.1 30

[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

 

 


AR8
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.48.2 30

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.48.5 30

[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.49.1 24

 

 


AR9
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.48.6 30

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.66.1 30

[R9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.64.1 24

 

 


AR10
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.66.2 30

[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.65.1 24

 

 


AR11
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.32.2 30

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.32.5 30

[R11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.33.1 24

 

 


AR12
[R12-LoopBack1]undo ip address 172.16.176.1 20

[R12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.128.1 18

[R12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.192.1 18

 

 

 测试

 

 第三步 配置MGRE环境

R3

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.1 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic //开启伪广播

R5
R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.2 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register 

R6 
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.3 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register

 

 


R7
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.4 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp  
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0    
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register


测试:

 

 


第四步 启动OSPF协议以及R12的rip并更改R3,R5,R6,R7的tunnel接口类型
 

R1
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1    
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

R2 
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2    
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

 R3
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.16.3 0.0.0.0

[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

 R5
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5    
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

 R6
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6    
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.3 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 176.16.2.1 0.0.0.0

[R6-ospf-1]area 2  
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.32.1 0.0.0.0

[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

 R7
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7    
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.4 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.1 0.0.0.0

[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.48.1 0.0.0.0

[R7-ospf-1]default-route-advertise always 

[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp


R8
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8    
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.49.1 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.48.2 0.0.0.0

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.48.5 0.0.0.0

 R9
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9    
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.48.6 0.0.0.0
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9

[R9-ospf-2]area 0

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.64.1 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.66.1 0.0.0.0

 R10
[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10    
[R10-ospf-1]area 4    
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

 R11
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11    
[R11-ospf-1]area 2    
[[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255


 R12
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12    
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.32.6 0.0.0.0
RIP
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]version 2
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0


 
第五步 加快收敛,修改hello时间


[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0    
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0    
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10

第五步进行重发布

R9

[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1

R12

[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

[R12-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

第六步.路由汇总以及配置空接口防环


R3
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.16.0 255.255.240.0

R6
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.240.0

R7
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.48.0 255.255.240.0

R9
 [R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.240.0

R12
 [R12]ospf 1
 
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.128.0

第七步.做特殊区域减少路由条目 


R1
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1 
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub 

R2 
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 1 

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub

R3
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 1 

 [R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

R6 
[R6]ospf 1    
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

R7 
[R7]ospf 1    
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

R8 

[R8]ospf 1    
[R8-ospf-1]area 3    
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

R9 
[R9]ospf 1    
[R9-ospf-1]area 3    
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

R11

[R11]ospf 1    
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

R12

[R12]ospf 1    
[R12-ospf-1]area 2    
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

第八步.进行区域认证保障更新安全


R1

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 

R2
[R2]ospf 1    
[R2-ospf-1]area 1    
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 

R3 
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1    
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

第九步.配置nat,使得可以访问公网 

R3
[R3]acl 2000    
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule  permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0    
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

对其他进行相同配置

测试结果 

 

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