tensorflow 物体检测（检测限速标志）

 

1. 环境配置

使用protobuf来配置模型和训练参数，所以API正常使用必须先编译protobuf库，这里可以下载直接编译好的pb库（https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases ），解压压缩包后，把protoc加入到环境变量中：

$ cd tensorflow/models

$ protoc object_detection/protos/*.proto --python_out=. #注意： *在这里有时会报错，找不到文件，可以手动添加文件命名

（我是把protoc加到环境变量中，遇到找不到*.proto文件的报错，后来把protoc.exe放到models/object_detection目录下，重新执行才可以）

然后将models和slim（tf高级框架）加入python环境变量：

PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/your/path/to/tensorflow/models:/your/path/to/tensorflow/models/slim

2.数据准备

自己制作了限速标志的数据，总共250张，训练200，测试50.有了数据以后我们需要给他们打标签。我们需要手动在每一张图中框出限速标志的位置。一个比较好的打标工具是LabelImg，标签：sign,生成VOC格式的数据。制作VOC格式数据文件夹形式：my_images

                    __VOCdevkit

                          __VOC2012

                                    __Annotations(文件名：2007_0000)#xml格式的标签

                                    __JPEGImages(文件名：2007_0000)#jpg图像

                                    __ImageSets

                                           __Main

                                                 __train

                                                 __val

             

import os
import random
 
pt="/tensorflow/model/research/object_detection/my_images/VOCdevkit/VOC2012/JPEGImages"
image_name=os.listdir(pt)
for temp in image_name:
    if temp.endswith(".jpg"):
        print (temp.replace('.jpg',''))

        以上代码可以生成train和val列表 

将VOC数据转化成tf.recoord数据 ：参考 dataset_tools/create_pascal_tf_record.py 根据自己路径文件格式做出适当修改，我的如下；

# Copyright 2017 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================

r"""Convert raw PASCAL dataset to TFRecord for object_detection.

Example usage:
    python object_detection/dataset_tools/create_pascal_tf_record.py \
        --data_dir=/home/user/VOCdevkit \
        --year=VOC2012 \
        --output_path=/home/user/pascal.record
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import hashlib
import io
import logging
import os

from lxml import etree
import PIL.Image
import tensorflow as tf

from object_detection.utils import dataset_util
from object_detection.utils import label_map_util


flags = tf.app.flags
flags.DEFINE_string('data_dir', '', 'Root directory to raw PASCAL VOC dataset.')
flags.DEFINE_string('set', 'train', 'Convert training set, validation set or '
                    'merged set.')
flags.DEFINE_string('annotations_dir', 'Annotations',
                    '(Relative) path to annotations directory.')
flags.DEFINE_string('year', 'VOC2007', 'Desired challenge year.')
flags.DEFINE_string('output_path', '', 'Path to output TFRecord')
flags.DEFINE_string('label_map_path', 'data/pascal_label_map.pbtxt',
                    'Path to label map proto') #此处修改自己标签
flags.DEFINE_boolean('ignore_difficult_instances', False, 'Whether to ignore '
                     'difficult instances')
FLAGS = flags.FLAGS

SETS = ['train', 'val', 'trainval', 'test']
YEARS = ['VOC2007', 'VOC2012', 'merged']


def dict_to_tf_example(data,
                       dataset_directory,
                       label_map_dict,
                       ignore_difficult_instances=False,
                       image_subdirectory='JPEGImages'):
  """Convert XML derived dict to tf.Example proto.

  Notice that this function normalizes the bounding box coordinates provided
  by the raw data.

  Args:
    data: dict holding PASCAL XML fields for a single image (obtained by
      running dataset_util.recursive_parse_xml_to_dict)
    dataset_directory: Path to root directory holding PASCAL dataset
    label_map_dict: A map from string label names to integers ids.
    ignore_difficult_instances: Whether to skip difficult instances in the
      dataset  (default: False).
    image_subdirectory: String specifying subdirectory within the
      PASCAL dataset directory holding the actual image data.

  Returns:
    example: The converted tf.Example.

  Raises:
    ValueError: if the image pointed to by data['filename'] is not a valid JPEG
  """
  img_path = os.path.join(image_subdirectory,data['filename'])#image_subdirectory=JPEGImages  此处修改了
  year1='VOC2012'#此处修改
  full_path = os.path.join(dataset_directory,year1, img_path)#此处修改
  with tf.gfile.GFile(full_path, 'rb') as fid:
    encoded_jpg = fid.read()
  encoded_jpg_io = io.BytesIO(encoded_jpg)
  image = PIL.Image.open(encoded_jpg_io)
  if image.format != 'JPEG':
    raise ValueError('Image format not JPEG')
  key = hashlib.sha256(encoded_jpg).hexdigest()

  width = int(data['size']['width'])
  height = int(data['size']['height'])

  xmin = []
  ymin = []
  xmax = []
  ymax = []
  classes = []
  classes_text = []
  truncated = []
  poses = []
  difficult_obj = []
  if 'object' in data:
    for obj in data['object']:
      difficult = bool(int(obj['difficult']))
      if ignore_difficult_instances and difficult:
        continue

      difficult_obj.append(int(difficult))

      xmin.append(float(obj['bndbox']['xmin']) / width)
      ymin.append(float(obj['bndbox']['ymin']) / height)
      xmax.append(float(obj['bndbox']['xmax']) / width)
      ymax.append(float(obj['bndbox']['ymax']) / height)
      classes_text.append(obj['name'].encode('utf8'))
      classes.append(label_map_dict[obj['name']])
      truncated.append(int(obj['truncated']))
      poses.append(obj['pose'].encode('utf8'))

  example = tf.train.Example(features=tf.train.Features(feature={
      'image/height': dataset_util.int64_feature(height),
      'image/width': dataset_util.int64_feature(width),
      'image/filename': dataset_util.bytes_feature(
          data['filename'].encode('utf8')),
      'image/source_id': dataset_util.bytes_feature(
          data['filename'].encode('utf8')),
      'image/key/sha256': dataset_util.bytes_feature(key.encode('utf8')),
      'image/encoded': dataset_util.bytes_feature(encoded_jpg),
      'image/format': dataset_util.bytes_feature('jpeg'.encode('utf8')),
      'image/object/bbox/xmin': dataset_util.float_list_feature(xmin),
      'image/object/bbox/xmax': dataset_util.float_list_feature(xmax),
      'image/object/bbox/ymin': dataset_util.float_list_feature(ymin),
      'image/object/bbox/ymax': dataset_util.float_list_feature(ymax),
      'image/object/class/text': dataset_util.bytes_list_feature(classes_text),
      'image/object/class/label': dataset_util.int64_list_feature(classes),
      'image/object/difficult': dataset_util.int64_list_feature(difficult_obj),
      'image/object/truncated': dataset_util.int64_list_feature(truncated),
      'image/object/view': dataset_util.bytes_list_feature(poses),
  }))
  return example


def main(_):
  if FLAGS.set not in SETS:
    raise ValueError('set must be in : {}'.format(SETS))
  if FLAGS.year not in YEARS:
    raise ValueError('year must be in : {}'.format(YEARS))

  data_dir = FLAGS.data_dir
  years = ['VOC2007', 'VOC2012']
  if FLAGS.year != 'merged':
    years = [FLAGS.year]

  writer = tf.python_io.TFRecordWriter(FLAGS.output_path)

  label_map_dict = label_map_util.get_label_map_dict(FLAGS.label_map_path)

  for year in years:
    logging.info('Reading from PASCAL %s dataset.', year)
    examples_path = os.path.join(data_dir, year, 'ImageSets', 'Main',
                                 FLAGS.set + '.txt')
    annotations_dir = os.path.join(data_dir, year, FLAGS.annotations_dir)
    examples_list = dataset_util.read_examples_list(examples_path)
    for idx, example in enumerate(examples_list):
      if idx % 100 == 0:
        logging.info('On image %d of %d', idx, len(examples_list))
      path = os.path.join(annotations_dir, example + '.xml')#此处修改
      with tf.gfile.GFile(path, 'r') as fid:
        xml_str = fid.read()
      xml = etree.fromstring(xml_str)
      data = dataset_util.recursive_parse_xml_to_dict(xml)['annotation']

      tf_example = dict_to_tf_example(data, FLAGS.data_dir, label_map_dict,
                                      FLAGS.ignore_difficult_instances)
      writer.write(tf_example.SerializeToString())

  writer.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  tf.app.run()

修改data/pascal_label_map.pbtxt 改成自己的标签数据，我只有一类，从id:1开始:

item {
  id: 1
  name: 'sign'
}
 

生成训练数据:pascal_train.record

python dataset_tools/create_pascal_tf_record.py --data_dir=my_images/VOCdevkit/ --year=VOC2012 --output_path=my_images/VOCdevkit/pascal_train.record --set=train

生成测试数据：pascal_val.record

python dataset_tools/create_pascal_tf_record.py --data_dir=my_images/VOCdevkit/ --year=VOC2012 --output_path=my_images/VOCdevkit/pascal_val.record --set=val
 

3，下载模型：ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco

下载链接https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/object_detection/g3doc/detection_model_zoo.md

下载ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco完后，将其解压到my_images文件夹下,将model.ckpt  3个文件放在VOC2012下面

接下来呢，新建配置文件，samples/configs/文件夹下有一些示例文件，我们就模仿它们配置，参考faster_rcnn_inception_resnet_v2_atrous_coco.config文件，将其复制在VOC2012下面

文件名：ssd_mobilenet_v1.config 

model {
ssd {
num_classes: 1
box_coder {
faster_rcnn_box_coder {
y_scale: 10.0
x_scale: 10.0
height_scale: 5.0
width_scale: 5.0
}
}
matcher {
argmax_matcher {
matched_threshold: 0.5
unmatched_threshold: 0.5
ignore_thresholds: false
negatives_lower_than_unmatched: true
force_match_for_each_row: true
}
}
similarity_calculator {
iou_similarity {
}
}
anchor_generator {
ssd_anchor_generator {
num_layers: 6
min_scale: 0.2
max_scale: 0.95
aspect_ratios: 1.0
aspect_ratios: 2.0
aspect_ratios: 0.5
aspect_ratios: 3.0
aspect_ratios: 0.3333
}
}
image_resizer {
fixed_shape_resizer {
height: 300
width: 300
}
}
box_predictor {
convolutional_box_predictor {
min_depth: 0
max_depth: 0
num_layers_before_predictor: 0
use_dropout: false
dropout_keep_probability: 0.8
kernel_size: 1
box_code_size: 4
apply_sigmoid_to_scores: false
conv_hyperparams {
activation: RELU_6,
regularizer {
l2_regularizer {
weight: 0.00004
}
}
initializer {
truncated_normal_initializer {
stddev: 0.03
mean: 0.0
}
}
batch_norm {
train: true,
scale: true,
center: true,
decay: 0.9997,
epsilon: 0.001,
}
}
}
}
feature_extractor {
type: 'ssd_mobilenet_v1'
min_depth: 16
depth_multiplier: 1.0
conv_hyperparams {
activation: RELU_6,
regularizer {
l2_regularizer {
weight: 0.00004
}
}
initializer {
truncated_normal_initializer {
stddev: 0.03
mean: 0.0
}
}
batch_norm {
train: true,
scale: true,
center: true,
decay: 0.9997,
epsilon: 0.001,
}
}
}
loss {
classification_loss {
weighted_sigmoid {
}
}
localization_loss {
weighted_smooth_l1 {
}
}
hard_example_miner {
num_hard_examples: 3000
iou_threshold: 0.99
loss_type: CLASSIFICATION
max_negatives_per_positive: 3
min_negatives_per_image: 0
}
classification_weight: 1.0
localization_weight: 1.0
}
normalize_loss_by_num_matches: true
post_processing {
batch_non_max_suppression {
score_threshold: 1e-8
iou_threshold: 0.6
max_detections_per_class: 100
max_total_detections: 100
}
score_converter: SIGMOID
}
}
}

train_config: {
batch_size: 24
optimizer {
rms_prop_optimizer: {
learning_rate: {
exponential_decay_learning_rate {
initial_learning_rate: 0.004
decay_steps: 800720
decay_factor: 0.95
}
}
momentum_optimizer_value: 0.9
decay: 0.9
epsilon: 1.0
}
}
fine_tune_checkpoint: "my_images/VOCdevkit/VOC2012/model.ckpt"
from_detection_checkpoint: true
# Note: The below line limits the training process to 200K steps, which we
# empirically found to be sufficient enough to train the pets dataset. This
# effectively bypasses the learning rate schedule (the learning rate will
# never decay). Remove the below line to train indefinitely.
num_steps: 20000
data_augmentation_options {
random_horizontal_flip {
}
}
data_augmentation_options {
ssd_random_crop {
}
}
}

train_input_reader: {
tf_record_input_reader {
input_path: "my_images/pascal_train.record"
}
label_map_path: "data/pascal_label_map.pbtxt"
}

eval_config: {
num_examples: 50
# Note: The below line limits the evaluation process to 10 evaluations.
# Remove the below line to evaluate indefinitely.
max_evals: 10
}

eval_input_reader: {
tf_record_input_reader {
input_path: "my_images/pascal_val.record"
}
label_map_path: "data/pascal_label_map.pbtxt"
shuffle: false
num_readers: 1
}

    

4，训练模型

      在object_detection下执行:创建检查点文件在my_images/train

    python legacy/train.py --train_dir=my_images/train/ --pipeline_config_path=my_images/VOCdevkit/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_v1.config 

my_images目录下新建一个eval目录,用于保存eval的文件。另开终端，执行如下命令

/tensorflow/models/research/object_detection$ python legacy/eval.py 
    --logtostderr \
    --pipeline_config_path=my_images/VOCdevkit/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_v1_raccoon.config \
    --checkpoint_dir=my_images/train \
    --eval_dir=my_images/eval

特别提醒：建议使用legacy/train.py  用object_detection/model_main.py本人没成功过。可能还会遇到GPU内存方面的错误，建议指定GPU训练。训练了20k steps.效果测试精确度在94%,97%左右，数据太少每次测试有变化。但是效果还是不错的，贴几张效果图如下：

下一篇：tensorflow  训练完模型的导出和测试模型