同位语的几种形式

1．名词及其短语（有时有逗号隔开）
A．George Bush，the present American president，was the governor of the state of Texas．
B．I want very much to read these new novels，especially the one you mentioned．

2．动名词短语（有逗号隔开）
A．He enjoys the exercise，swimming in winter．
B．Asking him to join us，that’s a good idea．

3．不定式短语（有时有逗号隔开）
A．There is one thing he’ll never do—tell lies．
B．The question what to do next hasn’t been considered．

4．形容词及其短语（有逗号隔开）
A．He，short and thin，is unfit for the job．
B．All the countries，big or small，are equal．

5．介词短语（有时有逗号隔开）
As the head of the company，he had to explain what had happened．
＝He，the head of the company，had to ex- plain what had happened．

6．名词性从句（其前面的先行词一般都带有定冠词the）。这样的先行词有fact，news，truth，knowledge， idea，hope，question，problem，assumption等。例如：
A．You have yet to answer my question whether you can lend me your bike．
B．They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30kilometers away．