- 用二重积分表示上椭半球
x
2
a
2
+
y
2
b
2
+
z
2
c
2
≤
1
,
z
≥
0
\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\leq1,z\geq0
a2x2+b2y2+c2z2≤1,z≥0的体积,其中
a
,
b
,
c
a,b,c
a,b,c为正的常数.
解: ∬ D c 1 − x 2 a 2 − y 2 b 2 d σ , D : x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 ≤ 1 \iint_Dc\sqrt{1-\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}}d\sigma,D:\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}\leq1 ∬Dc1−a2x2−b2y2dσ,D:a2x2+b2y2≤1 - 设平面区域
D
=
{
(
x
,
y
)
∣
−
1
≤
x
≤
1
,
0
≤
y
≤
1
}
D=\{(x,y)|-1\leq x\leq1,0\leq y\leq1\}
D={(x,y)∣−1≤x≤1,0≤y≤1},试由定义证明:
∬
D
x
d
σ
=
0.
\iint_Dxd\sigma=0.
∬Dxdσ=0.
证明:
设 D 1 = { ( x , y ) ∣ − 1 ≤ x ≤ 0 , 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 } , D 2 = { ( x , y ) ∣ 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 , 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 } D_1=\{(x,y)|-1\leq x\leq0,0\leq y\leq1\},D_2=\{(x,y)|0\leq x\leq1,0\leq y\leq1\} D1={(x,y)∣−1≤x≤0,0≤y≤1},D2={(x,y)∣0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1}
则: ∬ D x d σ = ∬ D 1 x d σ + ∬ D 2 x d σ \iint_Dxd\sigma=\iint_{D_1}xd\sigma+\iint_{D_2}xd\sigma ∬Dxdσ=∬D1xdσ+∬D2xdσ
因为 D 1 D_1 D1和 D 2 D_2 D2面积相同,关于y轴对称,所以 ∬ D 1 x d σ = ∬ D 2 − x d σ \iint_{D_1}xd\sigma=\iint_{D_2}-xd\sigma ∬D1xdσ=∬D2−xdσ, ∬ D x d σ = ∬ D 1 x d σ + ∬ D 2 x d σ = 0 \iint_Dxd\sigma=\iint_{D_1}xd\sigma+\iint_{D_2}xd\sigma=0 ∬Dxdσ=∬D1xdσ+∬D2xdσ=0 - 设函数
f
(
x
,
y
)
f(x,y)
f(x,y)在有界闭区域D上连续,
g
(
x
,
y
)
g(x,y)
g(x,y)在D上非负,且
g
(
x
,
y
)
g(x,y)
g(x,y)与
f
(
x
,
y
)
g
(
x
,
y
)
f(x,y)g(x,y)
f(x,y)g(x,y)在D上可积.证明:在D上存在一点
(
x
0
,
y
0
)
(x_0,y_0)
(x0,y0),使
∬
D
f
(
x
,
y
)
g
(
x
,
y
)
d
σ
=
f
(
x
0
,
y
0
)
∬
D
g
(
x
,
y
)
d
σ
.
\iint_Df(x,y)g(x,y)d\sigma=f(x_0,y_0)\iint_Dg(x,y)d\sigma.
∬Df(x,y)g(x,y)dσ=f(x0,y0)∬Dg(x,y)dσ.
证明:
因为函数 f ( x , y ) f(x,y) f(x,y)在有界闭区域D上连续,所以函数 f ( x , y ) f(x,y) f(x,y)在有界闭区域D上存在最小值 m m m和最大值 M M M
从而, m ∬ D g ( x , y ) d σ ≤ ∬ D f ( x , y ) g ( x , y ) d σ ≤ M ∬ D g ( x , y ) d σ m\iint_Dg(x,y)d\sigma\leq\iint_Df(x,y)g(x,y)d\sigma\leq M\iint_Dg(x,y)d\sigma m∬Dg(x,y)dσ≤∬Df(x,y)g(x,y)dσ≤M∬Dg(x,y)dσ即 m ≤ ∬ D f ( x , y ) g ( x , y ) d σ ∬ D g ( x , y ) d σ ≤ M m\leq\frac{\iint_Df(x,y)g(x,y)d\sigma}{\iint_Dg(x,y)d\sigma}\leq M m≤∬Dg(x,y)dσ∬Df(x,y)g(x,y)dσ≤M
根据二元连续函数的介值定理,函数 f ( x , y ) f(x,y) f(x,y)在有界闭区域D存在 ( x 0 , y 0 ) (x_0,y_0) (x0,y0)使得 f ( x 0 , y 0 ) = ∬ D f ( x , y ) g ( x , y ) d σ ∬ D g ( x , y ) d σ f(x_0,y_0)=\frac{\iint_Df(x,y)g(x,y)d\sigma}{\iint_Dg(x,y)d\sigma} f(x0,y0)=∬Dg(x,y)dσ∬Df(x,y)g(x,y)dσ,即 ∬ D f ( x , y ) g ( x , y ) d σ = f ( x 0 , y 0 ) ∬ D g ( x , y ) d σ \iint_Df(x,y)g(x,y)d\sigma=f(x_0,y_0)\iint_Dg(x,y)d\sigma ∬Df(x,y)g(x,y)dσ=f(x0,y0)∬Dg(x,y)dσ - 设函数
f
(
x
,
y
)
f(x,y)
f(x,y)在有界闭区域D上连续、非负,且
∬
D
f
(
x
,
y
)
d
x
d
y
=
0
\iint_Df(x,y)dxdy=0
∬Df(x,y)dxdy=0.证明:
f
(
x
,
y
)
≡
0
f(x,y)\equiv0
f(x,y)≡0,当
(
x
,
y
)
∈
D
(x,y)\in D
(x,y)∈D时.
证明:
设 f ( x , y ) f(x,y) f(x,y)在 D 0 D_0 D0上大于0,在 D 1 D_1 D1上等于0, D = D 1 ∪ D 2 D=D_1\cup D_2 D=D1∪D2
则 ∬ D f ( x , y ) d x d y = ∬ D 1 f ( x , y ) d x d y + ∬ D 2 f ( x , y ) d x d y = ∬ D 1 f ( x , y ) d x d y > 0 \iint_Df(x,y)dxdy=\iint_{D_1}f(x,y)dxdy+\iint_{D_2}f(x,y)dxdy=\iint_{D_1}f(x,y)dxdy>0 ∬Df(x,y)dxdy=∬D1f(x,y)dxdy+∬D2f(x,y)dxdy=∬D1f(x,y)dxdy>0
与 ∬ D f ( x , y ) d x d y = 0 \iint_Df(x,y)dxdy=0 ∬Df(x,y)dxdy=0矛盾,所以 f ( x , y ) f(x,y) f(x,y)在 D 0 D_0 D0上等于0,所以当 ( x , y ) ∈ D (x,y)\in D (x,y)∈D时, f ( x , y ) ≡ 0 f(x,y)\equiv0 f(x,y)≡0
高数习题7.1
最新推荐文章于 2023-11-03 10:31:11 发布