cocos2dx多线程以及线程同步

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/zhy_cheng/article/details/9116479

cocos2d-x引擎在内部实现了一个庞大的主循环，每帧之间更新界面，如果耗时的操作放到了主线程中，游戏的界面就会卡，这是不能容忍的，游戏最基本的条件就是流畅性，这就是为什么游戏开发选择C++的原因。另外现在双核手机和四核手机越来越普遍了，是时候使用多线程来挖掘硬件的潜力了。

1.环境搭建

cocos2d-x中的多线程使用pthread就可以实现跨平台，而且也不是很难理解。使用pthread需要先配置一下工程。右击工程----->属性----->配置属性---->链接器----->输入---->附加依赖项中添加pthreadVCE2.lib，如下图

接着添加附加包含目录，右击项目，属性----->C/C++---->常规----->附加包含目录加入pthread头文件所在的目录

这样，环境就搭建起来了。

2.多线程的使用

使用pthread来实现多线程，最重要的一个函数是

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. PTW32_DLLPORT int PTW32_CDECL pthread_create (pthread_t * tid,//线程的标示   
2.                             const pthread_attr_t * attr,      //创建线程的参数   
3.                             void *(*start) (void *),          //入口函数的指针   
4.                             void *arg);                       //传递给线程的数据  

PTW32_DLLPORT int PTW32_CDECL pthread_create (pthread_t * tid,//线程的标示
                            const pthread_attr_t * attr,      //创建线程的参数
                            void *(*start) (void *),          //入口函数的指针
                            void *arg);                       //传递给线程的数据

在HelloWorldScene.h文件中

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1. pthread_t pidrun,pidgo;  
2. static void* th_run(void *r);  
3. static void* th_go(void *r);  

	pthread_t pidrun,pidgo;
	static void* th_run(void *r);
	static void* th_go(void *r);

定义了两个函数和两个线程的标识。

然后自定义了一个类，用于给线程传递数据。Student类如下：

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1. #pragma once   
2. #include <string>   
3. class Student  
4. {  
5. public:  
6.     Student(void);  
7.     Student(std::string name,int age,std::string sex);  
8.     ~Student(void);  
9.   
10.     std::string name;  
11.     int age;  
12.     std::string sex;  
13.   
14. };  

#pragma once
#include <string>
class Student
{
public:
	Student(void);
	Student(std::string name,int age,std::string sex);
	~Student(void);

	std::string name;
	int age;
	std::string sex;

};

源文件如下

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1. #include "Student.h"   
2. #include "cocos2d.h"   
3.   
4. Student::Student(void)  
5. {  
6. }  
7.   
8.   
9. Student::~Student(void)  
10. {  
11.     cocos2d::CCLog("delete data");  
12. }  
13. Student::Student(std::string name,int age,std::string sex)  
14. {  
15.     this->name=name;  
16.     this->age=age;  
17.     this->sex=sex;  
18. }  

#include "Student.h"
#include "cocos2d.h"

Student::Student(void)
{
}


Student::~Student(void)
{
	cocos2d::CCLog("delete data");
}
Student::Student(std::string name,int age,std::string sex)
{
	this->name=name;
	this->age=age;
	this->sex=sex;
}

在退出菜单的回调函数中启动两个线程：

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1. void HelloWorld::menuCloseCallback(CCObject* pSender)  
2. {  
3.      
4.     Student *temp=new Student(std::string("zhycheng"),23,std::string("male"));  
5.     pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);  
6.     pthread_create(&pidrun,NULL,th_run,temp);//启动线程   
7.     pthread_create(&pidgo,NULL,th_go,0);  
8.   
9. }  

void HelloWorld::menuCloseCallback(CCObject* pSender)
{
   
	Student *temp=new Student(std::string("zhycheng"),23,std::string("male"));
	pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
	pthread_create(&pidrun,NULL,th_run,temp);//启动线程
	pthread_create(&pidgo,NULL,th_go,0);

}

可以看到，将Student的指针传递给了pidrun线程，那么在pidrun线程中获得Student信息如下：

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1.        Student *s=(Student*)(r);  
2. CCLog("name is %s,and age is %d,sex is %s",s->name.c_str(),s->age,s->sex.c_str());  
3. delete s;  

        Student *s=(Student*)(r);
	CCLog("name is %s,and age is %d,sex is %s",s->name.c_str(),s->age,s->sex.c_str());
	delete s;

3.线程同步

使用了线程，必然就要考虑到线程同步，不同的线程同时访问资源的话，访问的顺序是不可预知的，会造成不可预知的结果。

这里使用pthread_mutex_t来实现同步，下面我来演示一下使用多线程实现卖票系统。卖票的时候，是由多个窗口同时卖票，这里要做到一张票不要卖出去两次，不要出现有票却无法卖的结果。

在线程函数th_run和th_go中来卖票，票的数量是一个全局变量，每卖出去一张票，就将票的数量减一。其中同步的pthread_mutex_t也是一个全局变量，就用它来实现线程同步。

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1. void* HelloWorld::th_run(void *r)  
2. {  
3.       
4.     Student *s=(Student*)(r);  
5.     CCLog("name is %s,and age is %d,sex is %s",s->name.c_str(),s->age,s->sex.c_str());  
6.     delete s;  
7.     while(true)  
8.     {  
9.         pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);  
10.         if(ticket>0)  
11.         {  
12.         CCLog("thread run sell %d",ticket);  
13.         ticket--;  
14.         pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);  
15.         }  
16.         else  
17.         {  
18.             pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);  
19.             break;    
20.         }  
21.       
22.         Sleep(1);  
23.         //Usleep(10);   
24.     }  
25.   
26.     return NULL;  
27. }  

void* HelloWorld::th_run(void *r)
{
	
	Student *s=(Student*)(r);
	CCLog("name is %s,and age is %d,sex is %s",s->name.c_str(),s->age,s->sex.c_str());
	delete s;
	while(true)
	{
		pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
		if(ticket>0)
		{
		CCLog("thread run sell %d",ticket);
		ticket--;
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
		}
		else
		{
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
			break;	
		}
	
		Sleep(1);
		//Usleep(10);
	}

	return NULL;
}

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1. void* HelloWorld::th_go(void *r)  
2. {  
3.       
4.     while(true)  
5.     {  
6.         pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);  
7.         if(ticket>0)  
8.         {  
9.         CCLog("thread go sell %d",ticket);  
10.         ticket--;  
11.         pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);  
12.         }  
13.         else  
14.         {  
15.             pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);  
16.             break;  
17.               
18.         }  
19.           
20.         Sleep(1);  
21.           
22.     }  
23.     return NULL;  
24. }  

void* HelloWorld::th_go(void *r)
{
	
	while(true)
	{
		pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
		if(ticket>0)
		{
		CCLog("thread go sell %d",ticket);
		ticket--;
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
		}
		else
		{
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
			break;
			
		}
		
		Sleep(1);
		
	}
	return NULL;
}

mutex被锁定后，其他线程若再想锁定mutex的话，必须等待，当该线程释放了mutex之后，其他线程才能锁定mutex。Sleep()函数可以使得该线程休眠，单位是毫秒。下面是卖票的结果：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. name is zhycheng,and age is 23,sex is male  
2. delete data  
3. thread run sell 100  
4. thread run sell 99  
5. thread go sell 98  
6. thread go sell 97  
7. thread run sell 96  
8. thread go sell 95  
9. thread go sell 94  
10. thread run sell 93  
11. thread go sell 92  
12. thread run sell 91  
13. thread go sell 90  
14. thread go sell 89  
15. thread run sell 88  
16. thread go sell 87  
17. thread run sell 86  
18. thread go sell 85  
19. thread run sell 84  
20. thread go sell 83  
21. thread run sell 82  
22. thread go sell 81  
23. thread run sell 80  
24. thread go sell 79  
25. thread run sell 78  
26. thread go sell 77  
27. thread run sell 76  
28. thread go sell 75  
29. thread run sell 74  
30. thread go sell 73  
31. thread run sell 72  
32. thread go sell 71  
33. thread run sell 70  
34. thread go sell 69  
35. thread go sell 68  
36. thread run sell 67  
37. thread go sell 66  
38. thread run sell 65  
39. thread go sell 64  
40. thread run sell 63  
41. thread go sell 62  
42. thread run sell 61  
43. thread go sell 60  
44. thread run sell 59  
45. thread go sell 58  
46. thread run sell 57  
47. thread go sell 56  
48. thread run sell 55  
49. thread go sell 54  
50. thread run sell 53  
51. thread run sell 52  
52. thread go sell 51  
53. thread run sell 50  
54. thread go sell 49  
55. thread run sell 48  
56. thread go sell 47  
57. thread run sell 46  
58. thread go sell 45  
59. thread run sell 44  
60. thread run sell 43  
61. thread go sell 42  
62. thread run sell 41  
63. thread run sell 40  
64. thread go sell 39  
65. thread run sell 38  
66. thread run sell 37  
67. thread run sell 36  
68. thread run sell 35  
69. thread go sell 34  
70. thread run sell 33  
71. thread run sell 32  
72. thread go sell 31  
73. thread run sell 30  
74. thread run sell 29  
75. thread run sell 28  
76. thread run sell 27  
77. thread run sell 26  
78. thread run sell 25  
79. thread go sell 24  
80. thread run sell 23  
81. thread go sell 22  
82. thread go sell 21  
83. thread run sell 20  
84. thread go sell 19  
85. thread run sell 18  
86. thread run sell 17  
87. thread go sell 16  
88. thread run sell 15  
89. thread go sell 14  
90. thread go sell 13  
91. thread run sell 12  
92. thread go sell 11  
93. thread go sell 10  
94. thread run sell 9  
95. thread go sell 8  
96. thread run sell 7  
97. thread go sell 6  
98. thread go sell 5  
99. thread run sell 4  
100. thread go sell 3  
101. thread run sell 2  
102. thread run sell 1  

name is zhycheng,and age is 23,sex is male
delete data
thread run sell 100
thread run sell 99
thread go sell 98
thread go sell 97
thread run sell 96
thread go sell 95
thread go sell 94
thread run sell 93
thread go sell 92
thread run sell 91
thread go sell 90
thread go sell 89
thread run sell 88
thread go sell 87
thread run sell 86
thread go sell 85
thread run sell 84
thread go sell 83
thread run sell 82
thread go sell 81
thread run sell 80
thread go sell 79
thread run sell 78
thread go sell 77
thread run sell 76
thread go sell 75
thread run sell 74
thread go sell 73
thread run sell 72
thread go sell 71
thread run sell 70
thread go sell 69
thread go sell 68
thread run sell 67
thread go sell 66
thread run sell 65
thread go sell 64
thread run sell 63
thread go sell 62
thread run sell 61
thread go sell 60
thread run sell 59
thread go sell 58
thread run sell 57
thread go sell 56
thread run sell 55
thread go sell 54
thread run sell 53
thread run sell 52
thread go sell 51
thread run sell 50
thread go sell 49
thread run sell 48
thread go sell 47
thread run sell 46
thread go sell 45
thread run sell 44
thread run sell 43
thread go sell 42
thread run sell 41
thread run sell 40
thread go sell 39
thread run sell 38
thread run sell 37
thread run sell 36
thread run sell 35
thread go sell 34
thread run sell 33
thread run sell 32
thread go sell 31
thread run sell 30
thread run sell 29
thread run sell 28
thread run sell 27
thread run sell 26
thread run sell 25
thread go sell 24
thread run sell 23
thread go sell 22
thread go sell 21
thread run sell 20
thread go sell 19
thread run sell 18
thread run sell 17
thread go sell 16
thread run sell 15
thread go sell 14
thread go sell 13
thread run sell 12
thread go sell 11
thread go sell 10
thread run sell 9
thread go sell 8
thread run sell 7
thread go sell 6
thread go sell 5
thread run sell 4
thread go sell 3
thread run sell 2
thread run sell 1

可以看到，这个打印结果正确无误。如果不加mutex会是什么样的结果呢，我将线程同步的mutex注释掉，输出的结果为：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. name is zhycheng,and age is 23,sex is male  
2. delete data  
3. thread run sell 100  
4. thread run sell 99  
5. thread run sell 98  
6. thread go sell 97  
7. thread run sell 96  
8. thread go sell 95  
9. thread run sell 94  
10. thread go sell 94  
11. thread run sell 92  
12. thread run sell 91  
13. thread go sell 90  
14. thread run sell 89  
15. thread go sell 88  
16. thread run sell 87  
17. thread run sell 86  
18. thread go sell 86  
19. thread go sell 84  
20. thread run sell 83  
21. thread go sell 82  
22. thread run sell 81  
23. thread go sell 80  
24. thread run sell 79  
25. thread run sell 78  
26. thread go sell 77  
27. thread run sell 76  
28. thread run sell 75  
29. thread go sell 74  
30. thread run sell 73  
31. thread go sell 72  
32. thread run sell 71  
33. thread go sell 70  
34. thread go sell 69  
35. thread run sell 68  
36. thread go sell 67  
37. thread go sell 66  
38. thread run sell 65  
39. thread go sell 64  
40. thread go sell 63  
41. thread run sell 62  
42. thread go sell 61  
43. thread run sell 60  
44. thread run sell 59  
45. thread run sell 58  
46. thread run sell 57  
47. thread run sell 56  
48. thread run sell 55  
49. thread go sell 54  
50. thread run sell 54  
51. thread go sell 52  
52. thread run sell 52  
53. thread go sell 50  
54. thread run sell 50  
55. thread go sell 49  
56. thread run sell 47  
57. thread go sell 47  
58. thread go sell 45  
59. thread run sell 45  
60. thread run sell 43thread go sell 43  
61.   
62. thread run sell 41  
63. thread go sell 41  
64. thread go sell 39  
65. thread run sell 39  
66. thread run sell 37  
67. thread go sell 37  
68. thread go sell 35  
69. thread run sell 35  
70. thread go sell 33thread run sell 33  
71.   
72. thread go sell 31thread run sell 31  
73.   
74. thread go sell 29  
75. thread run sell 29  
76. thread go sell 27  
77. thread run sell 27  
78. thread go sell 25  
79. thread run sell 25  
80. thread run sell 23  
81. thread go sell 23  
82. thread run sell 21  
83. thread go sell 21  
84. thread go sell 19  
85. thread run sell 19  
86. thread run sell 17  
87. thread go sell 17  
88. thread go sell 15  
89. thread run sell 15  
90. thread run sell 13  
91. thread go sell 13  
92. thread run sell 11thread go sell 11  
93.   
94. thread go sell 9  
95. thread run sell 9  
96. thread run sell 7  
97. thread go sell 7  
98. thread go sell 5thread run sell 5  
99.   
100. thread go sell 3  
101. thread run sell 3  
102. thread go sell 1  
103. thread run sell 1  

name is zhycheng,and age is 23,sex is male
delete data
thread run sell 100
thread run sell 99
thread run sell 98
thread go sell 97
thread run sell 96
thread go sell 95
thread run sell 94
thread go sell 94
thread run sell 92
thread run sell 91
thread go sell 90
thread run sell 89
thread go sell 88
thread run sell 87
thread run sell 86
thread go sell 86
thread go sell 84
thread run sell 83
thread go sell 82
thread run sell 81
thread go sell 80
thread run sell 79
thread run sell 78
thread go sell 77
thread run sell 76
thread run sell 75
thread go sell 74
thread run sell 73
thread go sell 72
thread run sell 71
thread go sell 70
thread go sell 69
thread run sell 68
thread go sell 67
thread go sell 66
thread run sell 65
thread go sell 64
thread go sell 63
thread run sell 62
thread go sell 61
thread run sell 60
thread run sell 59
thread run sell 58
thread run sell 57
thread run sell 56
thread run sell 55
thread go sell 54
thread run sell 54
thread go sell 52
thread run sell 52
thread go sell 50
thread run sell 50
thread go sell 49
thread run sell 47
thread go sell 47
thread go sell 45
thread run sell 45
thread run sell 43thread go sell 43

thread run sell 41
thread go sell 41
thread go sell 39
thread run sell 39
thread run sell 37
thread go sell 37
thread go sell 35
thread run sell 35
thread go sell 33thread run sell 33

thread go sell 31thread run sell 31

thread go sell 29
thread run sell 29
thread go sell 27
thread run sell 27
thread go sell 25
thread run sell 25
thread run sell 23
thread go sell 23
thread run sell 21
thread go sell 21
thread go sell 19
thread run sell 19
thread run sell 17
thread go sell 17
thread go sell 15
thread run sell 15
thread run sell 13
thread go sell 13
thread run sell 11thread go sell 11

thread go sell 9
thread run sell 9
thread run sell 7
thread go sell 7
thread go sell 5thread run sell 5

thread go sell 3
thread run sell 3
thread go sell 1
thread run sell 1

可以看到，有的票卖了两次，有的票就没卖。

4.注意

1.Sleep()函数是使得线程休眠的函数，这个函数不跨平台，仅仅在windows上能用，其他平台使用usleep。

2.在非主线程中不能使用cocos2d-x管理内存的CCObject::retain(), CCObject::release() 者CCObject::autorelease()，因为CCAutoreleasePool不是线程安全的，OPENGL的上下文也不是线程安全的，所以不要再非主线程中使用cocos2d-x的API和UI操作。

最后工程的源代码下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/zhy_cheng/5600979