Centos7 Redhat7使用

作者

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B站：主页 https://space.bilibili.com/208826118

参考

Open Source: NTFS-3G
在linux中如何解压.tgz
RedHat 挂载 NTFS
RHEL7配置中文输入法-智能拼音
redhat下软件安装
centos官方源
centos阿里源
CentOS7下内核源码下载及编译步骤
初始值设置项里有未知的字段ndo_change_mtu
Centos 7.0设置/etc/rc.local无效问题解决
CentOS7查看和关闭防火墙
配置本地yum源找不到repomd.xml的解决方法
CentOS安装相应版本的内核源码
Centos7下载linux内核源码
CentOS8 安装epel 使用阿里云镜像
centos wiki I_need_the_Kernel_Source
阿里云Centos镜像源和EPEL源
构建CentOS dwarves包
解决vncserver启动报错 Job for vncserver@:1.service failed because a configured resource limit was exceed.

安装系统

Centos7和Redhat7同版本之间是兼容的，但是不确定Centos7.4和Centos7.7之间是否兼容，而目前国内的源上已经无法下载老版本的Centos7只有最新的CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1908.iso或者Centos8。Centos7.4的版本号，我安装的时候选择的是开发版本，

$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
$ cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 

内核

下载对应内核源码3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64，所有包的源码包rpm路径为http://vault.centos.org/centos/7.4.1708/os/Source/SPackages/。
下载Centos8内核源码，https://vault.centos.org/8.3.2011/BaseOS/Source/SPackages/kernel-4.18.0-193.el8.src.rpm

[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-193.1.2.el8_2.src.rpm	2020-06-04 13:35	110M	 
[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-193.6.3.el8_2.src.rpm	2020-06-10 12:36	110M	 
[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-193.14.2.el8_2.src.rpm	2020-07-29 22:04	110M	 
[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-193.19.1.el8_2.src.rpm	2020-09-16 20:44	110M	 
[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-193.28.1.el8_2.src.rpm	2020-10-22 03:00	110M	 
[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-193.el8.src.rpm	2020-05-29 15:54	110M	 
[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-240.1.1.el8_3.src.rpm	2020-11-19 23:52	113M	 
[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-240.10.1.el8_3.src.rpm	2021-01-19 19:59	113M	 
[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.src.rpm	2021-03-02 16:27	113M	 
[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-240.22.1.el8_3.src.rpm	2021-04-08 20:13	113M	 
[   ]	kernel-4.18.0-240.el8.src.rpm	2020-09-28 16:45	113M

安装，在/root/rpmbuild/SOURCES有一个压缩包linux-4.18.0-240.el8.tar.xz即为内核源码包，

# groupadd mockbuild
# useradd mockbuild -g mockbuild
# rpm -ivh kernel-4.18.0-240.el8.src.rpm 
Updating / installing...
   1:kernel-4.18.0-240.el8            ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /root/rpmbuild/SOURCES/
-rw-rw-r--. 1 mockbuild mockbuild 112560684 Sep 25  2020 linux-4.18.0-240.el8.tar.xz

编译，

# yum install rpm-build asciidoc audit-libs-devel binutils-devel bison dwarves elfutils-devel flex gcc git java-devel kabi-dw libbabeltrace-devel libbpf-devel libcap-devel libcap-ng-devel llvm-toolset m4 make ncurses-devel newt-devel nss-tools numactl-devel openssl-devel pciutils-devel perl perl-devel perl-generators pesign python3-devel python3-docutils xmlto xz-devel zlib-devel
No match for argument: dwarves
No match for argument: libbabeltrace-devel
No match for argument: libbpf-devel
Error: Unable to find a match: dwarves libbabeltrace-devel libbpf-devel
# cd /root/rpmbuild/SPECS/
# rpmbuild -bp --target=$(uname -m) kernel.spec
# cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD/kernel-4.18.0-240.el8/linux-4.18.0-240.el8.x86_64
# cp /boot/config-4.18.0-240.el8.x86_64 .config
# make -j8

安装软件

• 中文输入法
• 可挂载ntfs格式文件系统

中文输入法用于百度搜索，ntfs挂载后可以把rhel的iso烤出来，下一步配置本地软件源。

$ ./configure 
$ make && make install
$ mkdir zc
$ mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 ./zc
$ cp rhel-server-7.4-x86_64-dvd.iso  ../
$ mkdir rhel-7.4-yum
$ mount rhel-server-7.4-x86_64-dvd.iso ./rhel-7.4-yum
$ ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
$ sudo mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
$ sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo backup
$ vim /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
$ cat /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo 
[centos7.4]
name=centos7.4
baseurl="file:///run/media/qe/CentOS 7 x86_64" #cdrom
gpgcheck=0
$ yum clean all
$ yum makecache
$ yum repolist
$ sudo yum install ftp
$ yum install minicom
$ yum install wireshark
$ yum install wireshark-gnome
$ wireshark

编译驱动，其实下面的已经安装了，

yum install gcc kernel-headers kernel-devel

可直接执行编译，

#ccflags-y += -Wno-error=date-time

ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
obj-m:=pcie_ep.o
else
KERNELDIR:=/lib/modules/`uname -r`/build
PWD:=$(shell pwd)

modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
modules_install:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

.PHONY: clean
clean:
	rm -rf *.o *.mod.c *.mod.o *.ko *.order *symvers .*.cmd
endif

网卡驱动从centos7.4迁移到centos7.6报错初始值设置项里有未知的字段ndo_change_mtu，修改ndo_change_mtu为ndo_change_mtu_rh74。

配置阿里源

epel企业源，

# yum install epel-release
# cp bak/CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo .
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo 
# CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.

[powertools]
name=CentOS Linux $releasever - PowerTools
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=PowerTools&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

离线安装rpm

rpm -ivh *.rpm

开机自启动

由于/etc/rc.local是/etc/rc.d/rc.local的软连接，所以必须确保/etc/rc.local和/etc/rc.d/rc.local都有可执行权限，

$ ls -l /etc/rc.local
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13  1月 21  2021 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local
$ sudo chmod a+x /etc/rc.local
$ sudo chmod a+x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
systemctl enable rc-local
systemctl start rc-local

脚本中所有的路径都必须使用绝对路径，添加[Install]字段，

[storage@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this
                                                   #
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
ifconfig enp14s0f0 192.168.1.10
mkdir -p /run/media/root/Kylin-Server-10
mount /home/storage/Kylin-Server-10-SP1-Build01-20210309-JUN-arm64.iso /run/media/root/Kylin-Server-10
[storage@localhost ~]$ cat /lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service
#  SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
#
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

# This unit gets pulled automatically into multi-user.target by
# systemd-rc-local-generator if /etc/rc.d/rc.local is executable.
[Unit]
Description=/etc/rc.d/rc.local Compatibility
Documentation=man:systemd-rc-local-generator(8)
ConditionFileIsExecutable=/etc/rc.d/rc.local
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/rc.local start
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=yes
GuessMainPID=no

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

关闭防火墙

$ firewall-cmd --state
$ systemctl stop firewalld.service

本地源

可以从光盘内copy目录结构，由于我的repomd.xml抱错，使用命令重新建立repo，

$ cp /run/media/qe/CentOS 7 x86_64/* iso
$ creatrepo iso

配置网络

$ sudo vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enaphyt4i0
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=no
IPADDR=192.168.1.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
NAME=enaphyt4i0
DEVICE=enaphyt4i0
$ sudo systemctl restart network

远程登录

$ yum -y install yum grouplist
$ yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop"
$ systemctl set-default graphical.target
$ systemctl set-default multi-user.target
$ yum install tigervnc-server -y
$ rpm -qa|grep tigervnc-server
$ cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
$ vi /etc/systemd/system/vncserver\@\:1.service 
$ cat /etc/systemd/system/vncserver\@\:1.service
# The vncserver service unit file
#
# Quick HowTo:
# 1. Copy this file to /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
# 2. Replace <USER> with the actual user name and edit vncserver
#    parameters appropriately
#    (ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l <USER> -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
#     PIDFile=/home/<USER>/.vnc/%H%i.pid)
# 3. Run `systemctl daemon-reload`
# 4. Run `systemctl enable vncserver@:<display>.service`
#
# DO NOT RUN THIS SERVICE if your local area network is
# untrusted!  For a secure way of using VNC, you should
# limit connections to the local host and then tunnel from
# the machine you want to view VNC on (host A) to the machine
# whose VNC output you want to view (host B)
#
# [user@hostA ~]$ ssh -v -C -L 590N:localhost:590M hostB
#
# this will open a connection on port 590N of your hostA to hostB's port 590M
# (in fact, it ssh-connects to hostB and then connects to localhost (on hostB).
# See the ssh man page for details on port forwarding)
#
# You can then point a VNC client on hostA at vncdisplay N of localhost and with
# the help of ssh, you end up seeing what hostB makes available on port 590M
#
# Use "-nolisten tcp" to prevent X connections to your VNC server via TCP.
#
# Use "-localhost" to prevent remote VNC clients connecting except when
# doing so through a secure tunnel.  See the "-via" option in the
# `man vncviewer' manual page.


[Unit]
Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/home/<USER>/.vnc/%H%i.pid
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
$ vncpasswd 
$ systemctl start vncserver@\:1.service
$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ ps -ef | grep vnc
$ netstat -ant | grep 5901
$ service iptables status
$ systemctl status iptables
$ systemctl status firewalld
$ systemctl stop firewalld
$ systemctl disable firewalld

修改分辨率，

# vi /usr/bin/vncserver
$geometry = “1920×1080″;