作者
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微信公众号:青儿创客基地
B站:主页 https://space.bilibili.com/208826118
参考
VMware虚拟机三种联网方式(图文详细解说)
Ubuntu 18.04 永久修改DNS的方法
Ubuntu 18.04设置dns
VMWARE虚拟机串口添加与调试
VMware虚拟串口的设置和使用
VMware 将虚拟磁盘多个文件合并为单个文件
安装
安装前请在BIOS中使能处理器虚拟化支持,Intel的是VT-x,否则会出现下面的问题,
Windows虚拟机
按照默认一路安装即可,配置共享文件夹,通过网上邻居添加文件夹,
Ubuntu虚拟机
文件->
新建,选择网上下载的ISO镜像,一路默认选择,
大小填200GB,免得以后还要扩展,
点击完成,开始安装,
扩展硬盘空间
首先在vmware软件里把磁盘扩展了,然后进入虚拟机扩展文件系统,
zc@ubuntu:~/program$ sudo apt-get install gparted
sudo运行fdisk,删除swap分区,扩展分区(顺序不要颠倒),仔细核对,不行就按q从来。运行Gparted partition editor,扩展boot分区,留2GB,按之前的操作新建扩展和swap分区。
配置好之后,点击工具栏的对号,出现错误点击Ignore继续,
重启,
zc@ubuntu:~$ fdisk -l
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sda: Permission denied
zc@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for zc:
Disk /dev/sda: 120 GiB, 128849018880 bytes, 251658240 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa976b913
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 247463935 247461888 118G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 247463936 251658239 4194304 2G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 247465984 251658239 4192256 2G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
zc@ubuntu:~$ df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 1981720 0 1981720 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 401644 11612 390032 3% /run
/dev/sda1 ext4 80374600 69836784 6431988 92% /
tmpfs tmpfs 2008216 212 2008004 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 2008216 0 2008216 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
vmhgfs-fuse fuse.vmhgfs-fuse 116589564 64914144 51675420 56% /mnt/hgfs
tmpfs tmpfs 401644 60 401584 1% /run/user/1000
磁盘分区是扩大了,但是文件系统依然只能识别80GB,网上的教程大都没有解释清楚,我也纳闷他们是怎么成功的,参考博客ubuntu对根目录进行扩展。
zc@ubuntu:~$ sudo resize2fs /dev/sda1
resize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 5, new_desc_blocks = 8
The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 30932736 (4k) blocks long.
zc@ubuntu:~$ df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 1981720 0 1981720 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 401644 11612 390032 3% /run
/dev/sda1 ext4 121658468 69844756 46030244 61% /
tmpfs tmpfs 2008216 212 2008004 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 2008216 0 2008216 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
vmhgfs-fuse fuse.vmhgfs-fuse 116589564 64914584 51674980 56% /mnt/hgfs
tmpfs tmpfs 401644 60 401584 1% /run/user/1000
重新开机出现错误,导致开机时间增加1min30s,不可忍,更新fstab,
zc@ubuntu:~$ swapon --show
zc@ubuntu:~$ mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=1981720k,nr_inodes=495430,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=401644k,mode=755)
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=29,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=643)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)
vmware-vmblock on /run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/108 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=401644k,mode=700,uid=108,gid=114)
vmhgfs-fuse on /mnt/hgfs type fuse.vmhgfs-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=401644k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000)
zc@ubuntu:~$ sudo blkid
[sudo] password for zc:
/dev/sda1: UUID="2adca72f-3a1d-4bb8-9088-b178c9a339a7" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="a976b913-01"
/dev/sda5: UUID="019c9714-7f55-43a9-abfe-395dd2f7bca3" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="a976b913-05"
zc@ubuntu:~$ sudo gedit /etc/fstab
原来的是,
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=2adca72f-3a1d-4bb8-9088-b178c9a339a7 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=c35dd24f-2cce-404d-8cc8-08473225be79 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0
更新新的UUID
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=2adca72f-3a1d-4bb8-9088-b178c9a339a7 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=019c9714-7f55-43a9-abfe-395dd2f7bca3 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0
网络配置
虚拟机安装时默认为NAT网卡,编辑->虚拟网络编辑器
,选用NAT模式,
点击NAT设置,
Ubuntu
虚拟机配置IP,
编辑resolv
,否则无法联网,一旦不能联网,不能下载软件包,需要检查这个文件,
qe@ubuntu:/var/www/html/packages$ sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf
qe@ubuntu:/var/www/html/packages$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 192.168.91.2
# nameserver 127.0.1.1
但是这个文件重启会被覆盖成默认值,更新文件/etc/systemd/resolved.conf
,添加DNS=192.168.91.2 8.8.8.8
,多个ip用空格隔开,或者,
DNS=192.168.91.2
DNS=8.8.8.8
或,
虚拟机拷贝
在笔记本上,我有一个130GB的虚拟机,安装petalinux的开发环境,当时我在笔记本上编译工程,然后直接通过FTP把虚拟机拷贝到台式机上使用,当我拷贝完之后,导入虚拟机,提醒我虚拟机正在使用状态,然后就无法开机了,恢复快照也有新的错误,无语了,当时拷贝过程中,我也预感会有问题,迫于百兆网交换机的速度只有8MB/s,舍不得从头拷贝。。。看来还是失策了。
压缩合并虚拟机磁盘文件
使用C\Program Files(x86)\VMware\VMware Player\vmware-vdiskmanager.exe
。
压缩,在虚拟机中执行,
$ sudo vmware-toolbox-cmd disk shrink /
USB配置
默认是询问,这个很烦,每次弹出个窗口,不注意还以为电脑不识别。
串口配置
给Ubuntu添加一个调试串口,关闭虚拟机,点击菜单,虚拟机->设置
,如果没有串口,则点击添加串口,选择管道模式,visualbox则是输入COMx,
我的显示的是串行端口 2
,经测试对应/dev/ttyS1
,minicom和putty使用默认设置,不需要关闭流控,
qe@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat /proc/tty/driver/serial
serinfo:1.0 driver revision:
0: uart:16550A port:000003F8 irq:4 tx:24 rx:0 CTS|DSR|CD
1: uart:16550A port:000002F8 irq:3 tx:9 rx:0 CTS|DSR|CD
2: uart:unknown port:000003E8 irq:4
3: uart:unknown port:000002E8 irq:3
4: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
5: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
6: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
7: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
8: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
9: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
10: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
11: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
12: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
13: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
14: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
15: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
16: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
17: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
18: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
19: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
20: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
21: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
22: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
23: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
24: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
25: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
26: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
27: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
28: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
29: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
30: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
31: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0
qe@ubuntu:~$ dmesg | grep ttys*
[ 0.004000] console [tty0] enabled
[ 1.956527] 00:05: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
[ 1.979817] 00:06: ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
找不到Windows共享文件夹
以前是自动出现在/mnt/hgfs
下的,共享是已经成功了的,
$ vmware-hgfsclient
D
下面关闭虚拟机重启,确保安装虚拟时的ISO文件不再占用CD/DVD光驱,点击菜单,
这是会挂载一个光驱,把光驱中的文件拷贝到本地,
执行命令,vmware-install.pl
一路回车默认安装,安装完重启一下,
$ tar -zxvf VMwareTools-10.3.21-14772444.tar.gz
$ cd vmware-tools-distrib/
$ sudo apt remove --purge open-vm-tools
$ sudo ./vmware-install.pl
问题
本地设备名已在使用中
- 以前先开虚拟机,后点击文件夹就会避免这个问题。
- 实在不行,就重启电脑。
- 最近发现,把WMnet8禁用再启用就可以了。
- 后发现,先用Ubuntu ping一下宿主机就可以了,注意不是vmnet1/vmnet8这两个网卡的IP。
主机ping不通虚拟机
关闭虚拟机防火墙,