《荒天帝》专属BGM——midi笛子音乐谱曲

今天给大家带来了一首《荒天帝》的专属bgm《我曾爱过一个人》。话不多说，咱们直接上效果链接《荒天帝》专属BGM——midi音乐编程_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

一、开发工具

我们使用的是visual studio2022这款IDE。visual studio2022是由微软开发的一款集成开发环境（IDE），用于开发各种类型的软件应用程序。它提供了丰富的工具和功能，包括代码编辑器、调试器、编译器、版本控制等，能够帮助开发人员更高效地编写、调试和部署应用程序。VS支持多种编程语言，包括C++、C#、VB.NET、JavaScript等，适用于Windows平台上的应用程序开发。这里默认大家成功安装， 不再一一赘述。

二、项目创建 

这里我们选择c++的空项目，并将项目扩展名.cpp重置为.c

三、引入头文件 

这里我们使用的头文件有<stdio.h>、<conio.h> 、<mmsystem.h>、<windows.h>

还要引入动态链接库"winmm.lib"

#include <windows.h>  
#include <mmsystem.h>  
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
​#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")

四、创建函数

我们创建的是最基本的main函数与htd（荒天帝）函数，并将其嵌套 

​int htd(){
 
}
int main(){
    htd();
}

 五、Before begin

在开始之前，我们要先简单介绍一下midi音乐调用的一些函数 

1. HMIDIOUT函数
2. midiOutOpen函数
3. midiOutShortMsg函数
4. midiOutClose函数

详细函数解说请看c语言midi编程钢琴演奏-CSDN博客

六、正式开始

1、枚举音调与其在演奏时用到的音 

enum Scale  //音阶参数
{
    Rest = 0, C8 = 108, B7 = 107, A7s = 106, A7 = 105, G7s = 104, G7 = 103, F7s = 102, F7 = 101, E7 = 100,
    D7s = 99, D7 = 98, C7s = 97, C7 = 96, B6 = 95, A6s = 94, A6 = 93, G6s = 92, G6 = 91, F6s = 90, F6 = 89,
    E6 = 88, D6s = 87, D6 = 86, C6s = 85, C6 = 84, B5 = 83, A5s = 82, A5 = 81, G5s = 80, G5 = 79, F5s = 78,
    F5 = 77, E5 = 76, D5s = 75, D5 = 74, C5s = 73, C5 = 72, B4 = 71, A4s = 70, A4 = 69, G4s = 68, G4 = 67,
    F4s = 66, F4 = 65, E4 = 64, D4s = 63, D4 = 62, C4s = 61, C4 = 60, B3 = 59, A3s = 58, A3 = 57, G3s = 56,
    G3 = 55, F3s = 54, F3 = 53, E3 = 52, D3s = 51, D3 = 50, C3s = 49, C3 = 48, B2 = 47, A2s = 46, A2 = 45,
    G2s = 44, G2 = 43, F2s = 42, F2 = 41, E2 = 40, D2s = 39, D2 = 38, C2s = 37, C2 = 36, B1 = 35, A1s = 34,
    A1 = 33, G1s = 32, G1 = 31, F1s = 30, F1 = 29, E1 = 28, D1s = 27, D1 = 26, C1s = 25, C1 = 24, B0 = 23,
    A0s = 22, A0 = 21
};
enum Voice
{
    H1 = C4, H2 = D4, H3 = E4, H4 = F4, H5 = G4, H6 = A4, H7 = B4,
    J1 = C5, J2 = D5, J3 = E5, J4 = F5, J5 = G5, J6 = A5, J7 = B5,
    K1 = C6, K2 = D6, K3 = E6, K4 = F6, K5 = G6, K6 = A6, K7 = B6,
    L1 = C7, L2 = D7, L3 = E7, L4 = F7, L5 = G7, L6 = A7, L7 = B7,
};

这里要注意的是因为笛子演奏的音调比较尖，所以我们将音调上调，以便于演奏出节目效果。

2、根据曲谱创建数组以记录曲谱与演奏时长、力度

int huangtiandi[] = {
    J1,H7,J1,H6,J5,J6,J5,J2,J4,J3,J3,J2,J3,J2,J1,
    J1,H7,H6,H6,J6,J5,J2,J2,J4,J3,
    J1,H7,J1,H6,J5,J6,J5,J2,J4,J3,J3,J2,J3,J2,J1,
    J1,H7,H6,J2,J3,J2,J3,J5,H5,H6,
    J1,H7,J1,H6,J5,J6,J5,J2,J4,J3,J3,J2,J3,J2,J1,
    J1,H7,H6,H6,J6,J5,J2,J2,J4,J3,
    J1,H7,J1,H6,J5,J6,J5,J2,J4,J3,J3,J2,J3,J2,J1,
    J1,H7,H6,J3,J2,J5,H5,H6,
};
int shichang[] = {
    250,250,250,500,250,250,500,250,250,250,250,250,125,125,500,
    250,250,500,250,250,250,250,250,250,1000,
    250,250,250,500,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,125,125,500,
    250,250,500,250,250,250,250,250,250,1000,
    250,250,250,500,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,125,125,500,
    250,250,500,250,250,250,250,250,250,1000,
    250,250,250,500,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,125,125,500,
    250,250,500,500,500,250,250,1250，
}; 
int lidu[] = {
    1,0,0,2,0,0,1,1,0,2,2,0,0,0,1,
    0,0,2,0,0,1,1,0,0,2,
    1,0,0,2,0,0,1,1,0,2,2,0,0,0,1,
    0,0,2,0,0,1,1,0,0,2,
    1,0,0,2,0,0,1,1,0,2,2,0,0,0,1,
    0,0,2,0,0,1,1,0,0,2,
    1,0,0,2,0,0,1,1,0,2,2,0,0,0,1,
    0,0,2,0,1,1,0,0,
};

在输入时长数组时，我们要按照曲谱的顺序，这首歌的曲谱是一4/4拍，一拍为两秒，要注意时间的合理分配。

再输入力度时，我们要注意重音的分布

在4/4拍中，重音的常规布局如下：

• 第一拍是强拍（最强重音）。
• 第三拍是次强拍（次重音）。
• 第二拍和第四拍是弱拍。

所以，4/4拍的强弱关系表现为： 强 - 弱 - 次强 - 弱

对应的鼓点感觉就像是“动次打次”，其中“动”是强拍，“次”是两个弱拍中的第一个，“打”是次强拍。在实际演奏中，无论是打击乐器、弦乐器还是键盘乐器，作曲家或演奏者都会遵循这种基本的强弱律动来赋予音乐节奏感。

3、 遍历数组，播放音乐

HMIDIOUT handle;
midiOutOpen(&handle, 0, 0, 0, CALLBACK_NULL);//打开midi设备
midiOutShortMsg(handle, 72 << 8 | 0xC2); //设置通道2的乐器为 短笛
unsigned char statusByte = 0x90 | (2 & 0x0F);//0为声道
unsigned short note = 0;    //音符编号
unsigned short velocity = 120; // 力度值，范围通常在0-127

for (int i = 0; i < 98; i++) {
    note = huangtiandi[i];
    if (lidu[i] = 0)
    {
        velocity = 40;
    }
    else if(lidu[i] = 1)
    {
        velocity = 80;
    }
    else if (lidu[i] = 2)
    {
        velocity = 120;
    }
    unsigned long noteOnMsg = (((unsigned long)velocity << 16) | (((unsigned long)note) << 8) | (unsigned long)statusByte);
    midiOutShortMsg(handle, noteOnMsg); // 发送MIDI消息
    Sleep(shichang[i]);//停顿，给音节演奏的时间
    midiOutShortMsg(handle, 0x7BB2);//停止通道2上的演奏
}
midiOutShortMsg(handle, 0x7BB2);//停止通道2上的演奏
midiOutClose(handle);//关闭midi设备
return 0;

这里比较重要的是midiOutShortMsg(handle, 0x7BB2)函数

因为管类乐器并不会自然停止，要手动输入停止的信息，否则就会出现几十个音一起和音的奇葩操作

记得将以上函数写入htd();函数中。

再次奉上效果链接，如果可以帮到大家的话，小张真的会深感荣幸！

《荒天帝》专属BGM——midi音乐编程_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

结语

在编程学习中，我们应时常转变思维方式，运用多种方式解决实际问题，从而找到最优解。