嵌入式第五课-NAND FLASH控制器

SDRAM， DM9000 的地址总线与2440地址总线相连，而NAND FLASH没有地址总线，他们的寻址方式不同：

1.CPU统一编址：
片内内存（0-4096），SDRAM（0x34000000-0x30000000）,网卡，寄存器。
2.NAND编址：
块，64页；页，2048+64字节。

访问NAND：

从NAND硬件上看，改变引脚输出来访问：
1.命令： CLE， DATA BUS
2.ADDR： ALE， DATA BUS
3.传输数据：R,W

从2440看，通过寄存器来访问，寄存器一般用unsigned char写入，写法和各位的含义查阅手册：
1.命令： NFCMMD
2.地址： NFADDR **写入的算法需要好好体会
3.读数据： NFDATA
4.状态： NFSTATE

头代码：

@******************************************************************************
@ File：head.s
@ 功能：设置SDRAM，将程序复制到SDRAM，然后跳到SDRAM继续执行
@******************************************************************************       
  
.text
.global _start
_start:
                                            @函数disable_watch_dog, memsetup, init_nand, nand_read_ll在init.c中定义
            ldr     sp, =4096               @设置堆栈 
            bl      disable_watch_dog       @关WATCH DOG
            bl      memsetup                @初始化SDRAM
            bl      nand_init               @初始化NAND Flash

                                            @将NAND Flash中地址4096开始的1024字节代码(main.c编译得到)复制到SDRAM中
                                            @nand_read_ll函数需要3个参数：
            ldr     r0,     =0x30000000     @1. 目标地址=0x30000000，这是SDRAM的起始地址
            mov     r1,     #4096           @2.  源地址   = 4096，连接的时候，main.c中的代码都存在NAND Flash地址4096开始处
            mov     r2,     #2048           @3.  复制长度= 2048(bytes)，对于本实验的main.c，这是足够了
            bl      nand_read               @调用C函数nand_read

            ldr     sp, =0x34000000         @设置栈
            ldr     lr, =halt_loop          @设置返回地址
            ldr     pc, =main               @b指令和bl指令只能前后跳转32M的范围，所以这里使用向pc赋值的方法进行跳转
halt_loop:
            b       halt_loop

init.c:
/* WOTCH DOG register /
#define WTCON ((volatile unsigned long *)0x53000000)

/* SDRAM regisers */
#define MEM_CTL_BASE 0x48000000

void disable_watch_dog();
void memsetup();

/*上电后，WATCH DOG默认是开着的，要把它关掉 */
void disable_watch_dog()
{
	WTCON	= 0;
}

/* 设置控制SDRAM的13个寄存器 */
void memsetup()
{
	int 	i = 0;
	unsigned long *p = (unsigned long *)MEM_CTL_BASE;

    /* SDRAM 13个寄存器的值 */
    unsigned long  const    mem_cfg_val[]={ 0x22011110,     //BWSCON
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON0
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON1
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON2
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON3  
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON4
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON5
                                            0x00018005,     //BANKCON6
                                            0x00018005,     //BANKCON7
                                            0x008C07A3,     //REFRESH
                                            0x000000B1,     //BANKSIZE
                                            0x00000030,     //MRSRB6
                                            0x00000030,     //MRSRB7
                                    };

	for(; i < 13; i++)
		p[i] = mem_cfg_val[i];
}

main.c

#define LARGER_NAND_PAGE

#define GSTATUS1        (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x560000B0)
#define BUSY            1

#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE    512
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK     (NAND_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)

#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE_LP    2048
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK_LP     (NAND_SECTOR_SIZE_LP - 1)

typedef unsigned int S3C24X0_REG32;


/* NAND FLASH (see S3C2410 manual chapter 6) */
typedef struct {
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCONF;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCMD;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFADDR;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFDATA;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSTAT;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFECC;
} S3C2410_NAND;

/* NAND FLASH (see S3C2440 manual chapter 6, www.100ask.net) */
typedef struct {
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCONF;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCONT;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCMD;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFADDR;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFDATA;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECCD0;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECCD1;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSECCD;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSTAT;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFESTAT0;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFESTAT1;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECC0;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECC1;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSECC;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSBLK;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFEBLK;
} S3C2440_NAND;


typedef struct {
    void (*nand_reset)(void);
    void (*wait_idle)(void);
    void (*nand_select_chip)(void);
    void (*nand_deselect_chip)(void);
    void (*write_cmd)(int cmd);
    void (*write_addr)(unsigned int addr);
    unsigned char (*read_data)(void);
}t_nand_chip;

static S3C2410_NAND * s3c2410nand = (S3C2410_NAND *)0x4e000000;
static S3C2440_NAND * s3c2440nand = (S3C2440_NAND *)0x4e000000;

static t_nand_chip nand_chip;

/* 供外部调用的函数 */
void nand_init(void);
void nand_read(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size);

/* NAND Flash操作的总入口, 它们将调用S3C2410或S3C2440的相应函数 */
static void nand_reset(void);
static void wait_idle(void);
static void nand_select_chip(void);
static void nand_deselect_chip(void);
static void write_cmd(int cmd);
static void write_addr(unsigned int addr);
static unsigned char read_data(void);

/* S3C2410的NAND Flash处理函数 */
static void s3c2410_nand_reset(void);
static void s3c2410_wait_idle(void);
static void s3c2410_nand_select_chip(void);
static void s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip(void);
static void s3c2410_write_cmd(int cmd);
static void s3c2410_write_addr(unsigned int addr);
static unsigned char s3c2410_read_data();

/* S3C2440的NAND Flash处理函数 */
static void s3c2440_nand_reset(void);
static void s3c2440_wait_idle(void);
static void s3c2440_nand_select_chip(void);
static void s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip(void);
static void s3c2440_write_cmd(int cmd);
static void s3c2440_write_addr(unsigned int addr);
static unsigned char s3c2440_read_data(void);

/* S3C2410的NAND Flash操作函数 */

/* 复位 */
static void s3c2410_nand_reset(void)
{
    s3c2410_nand_select_chip();
    s3c2410_write_cmd(0xff);  // 复位命令
    s3c2410_wait_idle();
    s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip();
}

/* 等待NAND Flash就绪 */
static void s3c2410_wait_idle(void)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFSTAT;
    while(!(*p & BUSY))
        for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* 发出片选信号 */
static void s3c2410_nand_select_chip(void)
{
    int i;
    s3c2410nand->NFCONF &= ~(1<<11);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);    
}

/* 取消片选信号 */
static void s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip(void)
{
    s3c2410nand->NFCONF |= (1<<11);
}

/* 发出命令 */
static void s3c2410_write_cmd(int cmd)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFCMD;
    *p = cmd;
}

/* 发出地址 */
static void s3c2410_write_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFADDR;
    
    *p = addr & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 9) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 17) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 25) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* 读取数据 */
static unsigned char s3c2410_read_data(void)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFDATA;
    return *p;
}

/* S3C2440的NAND Flash操作函数 */

/* 复位 */
static void s3c2440_nand_reset(void)
{
    s3c2440_nand_select_chip();
    s3c2440_write_cmd(0xff);  // 复位命令
    s3c2440_wait_idle();
    s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip();
}

/* 等待NAND Flash就绪 */
static void s3c2440_wait_idle(void)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFSTAT;
    while(!(*p & BUSY))
        for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* 发出片选信号 */
static void s3c2440_nand_select_chip(void)
{
    int i;
    s3c2440nand->NFCONT &= ~(1<<1);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);    
}

/* 取消片选信号 */
static void s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip(void)
{
    s3c2440nand->NFCONT |= (1<<1);
}

/* 发出命令 */
static void s3c2440_write_cmd(int cmd)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFCMD;
    *p = cmd;
}

/* 发出地址 */
static void s3c2440_write_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFADDR;
    
    *p = addr & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 9) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 17) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 25) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}


static void s3c2440_write_addr_lp(unsigned int addr)
{
	int i;
	volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFADDR;
	int col, page;

	col = addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK_LP;
	page = addr / NAND_SECTOR_SIZE_LP;
	
	*p = col & 0xff;			/* Column Address A0~A7 */
	for(i=0; i<10; i++);		
	*p = (col >> 8) & 0x0f; 	/* Column Address A8~A11 */
	for(i=0; i<10; i++);
	*p = page & 0xff;			/* Row Address A12~A19 */
	for(i=0; i<10; i++);
	*p = (page >> 8) & 0xff;	/* Row Address A20~A27 */
	for(i=0; i<10; i++);
	*p = (page >> 16) & 0x03;	/* Row Address A28~A29 */
	for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}


/* 读取数据 */
static unsigned char s3c2440_read_data(void)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFDATA;
    return *p;
}


/* 在第一次使用NAND Flash前，复位一下NAND Flash */
static void nand_reset(void)
{
    nand_chip.nand_reset();
}

static void wait_idle(void)
{
    nand_chip.wait_idle();
}

static void nand_select_chip(void)
{
    int i;
    nand_chip.nand_select_chip();
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

static void nand_deselect_chip(void)
{
    nand_chip.nand_deselect_chip();
}

static void write_cmd(int cmd)
{
    nand_chip.write_cmd(cmd);
}
static void write_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
    nand_chip.write_addr(addr);
}

static unsigned char read_data(void)
{
    return nand_chip.read_data();
}


/* 初始化NAND Flash */
void nand_init(void)
{
#define TACLS   0
#define TWRPH0  3
#define TWRPH1  0

    /* 判断是S3C2410还是S3C2440 */
    if ((GSTATUS1 == 0x32410000) || (GSTATUS1 == 0x32410002))
    {
        nand_chip.nand_reset         = s3c2410_nand_reset;
        nand_chip.wait_idle          = s3c2410_wait_idle;
        nand_chip.nand_select_chip   = s3c2410_nand_select_chip;
        nand_chip.nand_deselect_chip = s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip;
        nand_chip.write_cmd          = s3c2410_write_cmd;
        nand_chip.write_addr         = s3c2410_write_addr;
        nand_chip.read_data          = s3c2410_read_data;

		/* 使能NAND Flash控制器, 初始化ECC, 禁止片选, 设置时序 */
        s3c2410nand->NFCONF = (1<<15)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0);
    }
    else
    {
        nand_chip.nand_reset         = s3c2440_nand_reset;
        nand_chip.wait_idle          = s3c2440_wait_idle;
        nand_chip.nand_select_chip   = s3c2440_nand_select_chip;
        nand_chip.nand_deselect_chip = s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip;
        nand_chip.write_cmd          = s3c2440_write_cmd;
#ifdef LARGER_NAND_PAGE
        nand_chip.write_addr         = s3c2440_write_addr_lp;
#else
		nand_chip.write_addr		 = s3c2440_write_addr;
#endif
        nand_chip.read_data          = s3c2440_read_data;

		/* 设置时序 */
        s3c2440nand->NFCONF = (TACLS<<12)|(TWRPH0<<8)|(TWRPH1<<4);
        /* 使能NAND Flash控制器, 初始化ECC, 禁止片选 */
        s3c2440nand->NFCONT = (1<<4)|(1<<1)|(1<<0);
    }
    
    /* 复位NAND Flash */
    nand_reset();
}


/* 读函数 */
void nand_read(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size)
{
    int i, j;

#ifdef LARGER_NAND_PAGE
    if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK_LP) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK_LP)) {
        return ;    /* 地址或长度不对齐 */
    }
#else
    if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK)) {
        return ;    /* 地址或长度不对齐 */
    }
#endif	

    /* 选中芯片 */
    nand_select_chip();

    for(i=start_addr; i < (start_addr + size);) {
      /* 发出READ0命令 */
      write_cmd(0);

      /* Write Address */
      write_addr(i);
#ifdef LARGER_NAND_PAGE
      write_cmd(0x30);		
#endif
      wait_idle();

#ifdef LARGER_NAND_PAGE
      for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE_LP; j++, i++) {
#else
	  for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE; j++, i++) {
#endif
          *buf = read_data();
          buf++;
      }
    }

    /* 取消片选信号 */
    nand_deselect_chip();
    
    return ;
}

需要注意其中写入NFADRR的操作。