网络编程
1.1 、 概述
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javaweb :B/S
网络编程 :C/S
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址:
- IP
- 端口
- 192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
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小结:
-
网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者太多主机
- 主要主机之后如何进行通信
-
网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 ip类
- 网络通信协议 udp,tcp类
-
万物皆对象
1.3 IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机;
-
127.0.0.1 localhost
-
ip地址的分类:
- Ipv4、ipv6
- 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成。0~255,42亿,2011年就用尽
- 公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- 192.168.xx.xx 专家给组织内部使用地址
-
域名:记忆IP问题!
package Net;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetaddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetaddress1);///127.0.0.1
InetAddress inetaddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetaddress2);//www.baidu.com/112.80.248.75
InetAddress inetaddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetaddress3);//tianzhideMacBook-Pro.local/127.0.0.1
//查询网站IP地址
InetAddress intaddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(intaddress4);
//常用方法
System.out.println(intaddress4.getAddress());//[B@75b84c92
System.out.println(intaddress4.getCanonicalHostName());//112.80.248.76
System.out.println(intaddress4.getHostAddress());//112.80.248.76
System.out.println(intaddress4.getHostName());//www.baidu.com
}
}
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件的!
-
被规定0-65535
-
TCP,UDP:65536*2 tcp:80,udp:80 。单个协议号下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类:
-
公有端口0-1023
- HTTP:80
- Https:443
- FTP:21
- SSH:22
- TELENT:23
-
程序注册端口:1024-49151 ,分配给用户或者给程序
- Tomcat:8080
- Mysql:3306
- ORacle:1521
-
动态端口、私有:63342
netstat -ano //查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900"//查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "8996" //查看指定端口的进程
-
package Net;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);//localhost/127.0.0.1:8080
System.out.println(socketAddress);///127.0.0.1:8080
socketAddress.getAddress();
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//localhost
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//8080
}
}
1.5通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话。
网络通信协议:速率、传输码率,代码结构,传输控制。。。。
问题:非常复杂
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇 :实际上是一组协议
重要:
- tcp: 用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- Ip:网络互联协议
TCP UDP 对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手,四次挥手
-
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接 A:你愁啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场! A:我要断开 B:我知道你要断开了 B:你真的断开了吗 A:我真的要走了
-
-
客户端、跟服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你。。
- 导弹攻击
- DDOS:洪水
1.6、TCP
客户端:
- 连接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
客户端:
- 建立服务器的端口ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接accept
- 接受用的消息
//客户端
package Net;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket=null;
OutputStream os=null;
try {
//要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress ll = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
//定义端口号
int port = 9999;
//创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(ll,port);
//发送消息IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好小伙子".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
//服务器端
package Net;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1。有一个地址
ss = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = ss.accept();
//3。读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
/* 之前学的读取流的方法是不是这样,但是如果超过1024,就容易乱码
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int count;
while ((count=is.read(bytes))!=-1){
String msg = new String(bytes, 0, count);
System.out.println(msg);
}
**/
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
baos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss != null) {
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
客户端
package Net;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建一个Socker连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),10001);
//创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3 读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\tianzhi\\IdeaProjects\\untitled\\承诺书.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bytes2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=is.read(bytes2))!=-1){
baos.write(bytes2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
is.close();
baos.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
package Net;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(10001);
//2监听客户端的连接
Socket ss = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//获取输入流
InputStream is = ss.getInputStream();
//文件输出流
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收关闭了
OutputStream os = ss.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了。你可以断开了".getBytes());
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
ss.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
1.7 Tomcat
服务器
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器S: java后台开发!
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
1.8 UDP
客户端:
package Net;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1 建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//建立一个包
String msg ="你好,服务器";
//发送给谁?
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port=10002;
//数据,数据起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4 关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端:
package Net;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(10002);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收,相当于创建一个数据包接收包,当前数据包为null
System.out.println(packet.toString());
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收;将接收到的数据复制到数据包中
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
UDP聊天实现,循化发送消息
//发送端
package Net;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(10008);
//准备数据:控制台读取system.In
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 10007));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("Bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
//接收端
package Net;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpsenderDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(10007);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet );//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("Bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
1.9 URL
https://www.baidu.com
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com xxxx.xx.xx.xx